Why some embrace and others hesitate? A behavioral analysis of insomnia sufferers' engagement with acupuncture treatment.

BACKGROUND

Acupuncture is emerging as a promising treatment for insomnia. However, the determinants driving patients' decisions to pursue or adopt this treatment modality remain underexplored.

AIM: To identify the key factors shaping the willingness of patients with insomnia to seek and engage in acupuncture from a patient-centered perspective.

METHODS

A semi-structured focus group design was used, with a research framework integrating the capability, opportunity, motivation-behavior model, and theoretical domains framework. The results were mapped onto constructs of a behavioral wheel derived from the capability, opportunity, motivation-behavior/theoretical domains framework matrix. Data analyses employed abductive thematic analysis.

RESULTS

Data saturation was achieved after ten focus group sessions, involving a total of 45 participants. Key facilitators for patients with insomnia seeking acupuncture included: (1) Cultural beliefs in ethnic medicine; (2) Concerns about the adverse effects of, and dependence on, hypnotics; (3) Expectations of improvement in comorbid symptoms; (4) Desire for more communication with the clinician; and (5) Incentives from peers and online key opinion leaders. Barriers were: (1) Limited knowledge of acupuncture indications; (2) Accessibility burden; (3) Needle-phobia; and (4) Safety concerns. Additionally, prior acupuncture experiences, family/friend attitudes, and treatment costs (reimbursement rate in health insurance) served as both facilitators and barriers.

CONCLUSION

The interrelated facilitators and barriers underscore that the decision to use acupuncture for insomnia is a complex issue involving efficacy/safety, culture, economics, information dissemination, and communication factors. Expanding patient education on acupuncture, increasing media exposure, and improving governmental oversight of this process are essential. Investing in high-quality acupuncture services in public hospital nighttime clinics and community health centers is expected to address accessibility challenges. Acupuncturists need to improve doctor-patient communication, including guiding patients to set treatment expectations that are grounded in reality to enhance service quality. For patients with significant needle-phobia, cognitive manipulation or hypnosis techniques may be employed to improve treatment compliance.