Beyond Ebola Virus in the Largest Documented Bundibugyo Virus Outbreak.

The ongoing Bundibugyo virus disease outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda has become the largest documented outbreak caused by this orthoebolavirus and already ranks as the second-largest Ebola disease outbreak recorded in history. This review highlights its major public health relevance, given its cross-border spread, substantial mortality burden, high clinical severity, infections among healthcare workers, and the lack of any approved vaccine or specific treatment for Bundibugyo virus disease. We discuss the epidemiological and virological significance of this exceptional event, the limitations of current diagnostic and therapeutic preparedness beyond Ebola virus, and the urgent need for broader filovirus-focused strategies, including improved diagnostics, genomic surveillance, candidate vaccines, antiviral platforms, and resilient local health systems. The outbreak illustrates how preparedness efforts centered mainly on the Ebola virus have left substantial gaps for other human-pathogenic orthoebolaviruses.