American journal of preventive medicine · 2025
Epidemiology of Cannabis Use Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in the U.S.
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Livne Ofir, Stohl Malka, Gilman Jodi, Goldberg Terry E, Wall Melanie M, Hasin Deborah S
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of medical cannabis use, consumption methods, other key cannabis behaviors, and attitudes toward use is understudied, and associations with any cannabis use among U.S. middle-age and older adults is of particular interest because they are especially vulnerable to the adverse effects of cannabis.
METHODS: Health and Retirement Study data (N=1,324) were analyzed, calculating weighted prevalence for cannabis measures, including past-year use, consumption methods, medical use, health conditions for which cannabis was used, healthcare provider recommendations, attitudes toward acceptability, risks, and legalization, by primary age groups (50-64 and ≥65 years) and specified older age groups (65-74 and ≥75 years) and sex. Associations with any cannabis use were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for sex, race/ethnicity, household income, and employment.
RESULTS: Past-year cannabis use in the U.S. was reported by 18.5% and 5.9% of middle-age and older adults, respectively. Smoking was the primary consumption method in both groups. Approximately 25% of middle-aged adults and 20% of older adults who used cannabis consumed it for medical purposes, with ∼20% of those receiving a prescription or recommendation. Over 75% of individuals in both age groups viewed medical use as acceptable, and older adults were more likely to view cannabis as a gateway drug and to support restrictions of cannabis laws.
CONCLUSIONS: Cannabis use among both middle-aged and older U.S. adults is higher than previously reported in state- and national-level studies, with many engaging in cannabis behaviors associated with increased harm. Greater public health and clinical efforts are needed for tailored prevention and intervention strategies.
METHODS: Health and Retirement Study data (N=1,324) were analyzed, calculating weighted prevalence for cannabis measures, including past-year use, consumption methods, medical use, health conditions for which cannabis was used, healthcare provider recommendations, attitudes toward acceptability, risks, and legalization, by primary age groups (50-64 and ≥65 years) and specified older age groups (65-74 and ≥75 years) and sex. Associations with any cannabis use were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for sex, race/ethnicity, household income, and employment.
RESULTS: Past-year cannabis use in the U.S. was reported by 18.5% and 5.9% of middle-age and older adults, respectively. Smoking was the primary consumption method in both groups. Approximately 25% of middle-aged adults and 20% of older adults who used cannabis consumed it for medical purposes, with ∼20% of those receiving a prescription or recommendation. Over 75% of individuals in both age groups viewed medical use as acceptable, and older adults were more likely to view cannabis as a gateway drug and to support restrictions of cannabis laws.
CONCLUSIONS: Cannabis use among both middle-aged and older U.S. adults is higher than previously reported in state- and national-level studies, with many engaging in cannabis behaviors associated with increased harm. Greater public health and clinical efforts are needed for tailored prevention and intervention strategies.