[Laparoscopic liver donor nephrectomy. Personal experiences and review of the literature].

Despite improved success rates, the number of kidney transplantations in Germany in the last few years has stagnated, resulting in increasing waiting lists of patients on dialysis. In Germany, only 16.7% of kidney transplantations are living-donor nephrectomies, representing a relatively low rate compared to other countries (The Netherlands 28%, Sweden 35%). Since April 1998, we have performed ten retroperitoneoscopic living-donor nephrectomies (six left, four right side). The mean operating time was 216 min (155-290) with minimal blood loss. No intraoperative complications were observed. Warm ischemia time amounted to a mean of 4 min (2-7). The mean cold ischemia time was 165 min (76-290). Postoperative hospital stay of the donors was 6 days (4-10). All transplants functioned immediately; mean serum creatinine dropped from initially 8.0 mg/dl (5.3-11.5) on day 1 to 1.4 mg/dl (0.9-1.6) 3 months after surgery. This did not differ from previously operated open donor nephrectomies. An analysis of the literature included data of 4240 patients from 25 publications between 1980 and 2000 reporting on either open or laparoscopic living donor nephrectomies.