Healthcare professionals' knowledge and perceptions of infant formulas composition: a comparative study of Spanish pediatricians and pharmacy professionals.

INTRODUCTION

As infant formulas evolve to include bioactive components that mimic breast milk, the knowledge and perceptions of healthcare professionals (HCPs) about these innovations become critical. Pediatricians and pharmacy professionals play complementary roles in recommending and guiding infant formula use. However, disparities in understanding and communication may impact caregiver education and infant health outcomes. This study aims to assess the perceptions of Spanish pediatricians and pharmacy professionals regarding infant formulas, focusing on the recognition of ingredients, the importance attributed to them, and the understanding of their biological functions. Differences between the two professional groups were analyzed to identify gaps and educational needs.

METHODS

An observational, cross-sectional survey was conducted with 876 responding Spanish pediatricians (n = 505) and pharmacy professionals (n = 371) via anonymous online questionnaires and e-mails. The survey comprised 28 questions across three sections: sociodemographic, general perceptions of infant formulas, and functional recognition of 12 specific ingredients. Quantitative and categorical data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests, with comparisons made between the two groups.

RESULTS

Surveyed pediatricians reported higher self-perceived knowledge than pharmacy professionals (mean score 7.9 vs. 6.7, p < 0.0001) and showed significantly better questionnaire-based performance in identifying at least one relevant biological function of infant formula ingredients. However, surveyed pharmacy professionals placed greater emphasis on the need to educate parents (p < 0.0001). Notable gaps emerged between self-perceived knowledge and questionnaire-based functional recognition. Among participants who reported knowing certain ingredients "very well," some were unable to correctly identify at least one relevant biological function. Both groups primarily relied on pharmaceutical industry materials for information (85.0% of pediatricians and 84.4% of pharmacy professionals).

CONCLUSION

Responding pediatricians and pharmacy professionals showed differences in their functional recognition and perception of infant formula ingredients. While the former excelled in the questionnaire-based technical recognition, the latter did so in parental education. Both profiles provide complementary strengths and show opportunities to improve knowledge about some bioactive ingredients. These results suggest potential opportunities for specific ongoing training and collaborative approaches that may help ensure consistent, evidence-based advice for caregivers.