BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026
Predictors of physical and mental health in youth with disabilities: the role of Paralympic sport participation.
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Puce Luca, Biz Carlo, Andrisano Piergiorgio, Ruggieri Pietro, Zmijewski Piotr, Bragazzi Nicola Luigi
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the predictors of physical and mental health in a large sample of young people with disabilities.
METHODS: A total of 1,134 participants (mean age: 17.46 years; standard deviation: 3.71) completed the SF-12 questionnaire, which provides physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) health scores. Participants were categorized based on their Paralympic participation (individual, team, or non-athlete), disability type, geographical region, and residential context. Multivariate linear regression models were used to identify independent predictors of PCS and MCS scores while controlling for relevant covariates.
RESULTS: PCS scores were higher in participants of individual (46.5) and team (47.6) sports than in non-athletes (39.3; p < 0.001), with no significant differences between the athlete groups (p = 0.324). Similarly, MCS scores were higher in participants in both individual (48.9) and team (48.8) sports than in non-athletes (34.3; p < 0.001), with no significant differences between sport types (p = 0.999). The PCS model (R² = 0.172) identified the following positive predictors: residence in Northern or Southern Europe (p = 0.001 and p = 0.020, respectively); participation in sports activities (p < 0.001); living in rural areas (p = 0.016); and presence of an intellectual disability (p = 0.003). A negative predictive factor was the presence of a neurological disability (p < 0.001). The MCS model (R² = 0.348) identified southern European origin (p = 0.014), participation in sports activities (p < 0.001) and intellectual disability (p = 0.037) as positive predictors, while advanced age (p = 0.025) and acquired disability (p < 0.001) were identified as negative predictors.
CONCLUSION: Paralympic sport was the strongest predictor of better physical and mental health, followed by geographical origin, age, disability type and residential setting.
METHODS: A total of 1,134 participants (mean age: 17.46 years; standard deviation: 3.71) completed the SF-12 questionnaire, which provides physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) health scores. Participants were categorized based on their Paralympic participation (individual, team, or non-athlete), disability type, geographical region, and residential context. Multivariate linear regression models were used to identify independent predictors of PCS and MCS scores while controlling for relevant covariates.
RESULTS: PCS scores were higher in participants of individual (46.5) and team (47.6) sports than in non-athletes (39.3; p < 0.001), with no significant differences between the athlete groups (p = 0.324). Similarly, MCS scores were higher in participants in both individual (48.9) and team (48.8) sports than in non-athletes (34.3; p < 0.001), with no significant differences between sport types (p = 0.999). The PCS model (R² = 0.172) identified the following positive predictors: residence in Northern or Southern Europe (p = 0.001 and p = 0.020, respectively); participation in sports activities (p < 0.001); living in rural areas (p = 0.016); and presence of an intellectual disability (p = 0.003). A negative predictive factor was the presence of a neurological disability (p < 0.001). The MCS model (R² = 0.348) identified southern European origin (p = 0.014), participation in sports activities (p < 0.001) and intellectual disability (p = 0.037) as positive predictors, while advanced age (p = 0.025) and acquired disability (p < 0.001) were identified as negative predictors.
CONCLUSION: Paralympic sport was the strongest predictor of better physical and mental health, followed by geographical origin, age, disability type and residential setting.