Dentists', dental students' and patients' knowledge, attitudes and practices on artificial intelligence: a scoping review.

INTRODUCTION

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is emerging as a transformative technology in dental practice, promising improved diagnostic accuracy, personalized treatment planning, and workflow optimization.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed at examining knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and practices (KAP) associated with the use of Artificial Intelligence in dentistry.

MATERIALS AND

METHODS

A comprehensive bibliographic search was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. Databases included PubMed and Google Scholar, along with official reports from international organizations such as World Health Organization, European Commission, and Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. Studies published between 2014 and 2025 examining dentists', dental students' and patients' knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) related to AI were included. Data extraction included study characteristics, populations, AI applications, and key findings.

RESULTS

Dental professionals generally demonstrate positive attitudes toward AI and recognize its potential benefits. Knowledge levels were generally reported as moderate across studies. However, many studies report limited confidence in using AI-based tools and express concerns regarding data security, ethical implications, and over-reliance on automated systems. The need for structured training and education in AI applications was consistently highlighted.

CONCLUSION

This scoping review indicates that dentists and dental students demonstrate moderate knowledge, generally positive attitudes, and limited clinical practices regarding Artificial Intelligence. The findings reveal a clear gap between awareness and implementation, primarily driven by insufficient training and practical exposure. Strengthening education and addressing barriers to adoption are essential to support the effective integration of AI in dental practice.