ICD-Related Emergencies in Prehospital Care: A Descriptive Survey of Self-Reported Experience and Equipment Availability Among Polish Paramedics.

BACKGROUND

The number of patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) is steadily increasing, making encounters with ICD-related emergencies more frequent in prehospital care. Paramedics are often the first healthcare professionals to manage these situations; however, data on their exposure to ICD-related emergencies and access to appropriate equipment remain limited. This study aimed to describe Polish paramedics' self-reported experience with ICD-related emergencies and the availability of ICD deactivation magnets in prehospital settings.

METHODS

A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among Polish paramedics between April and November 2024 using an anonymous online questionnaire. The survey assessed demographic and professional characteristics, self-reported exposure to ICD-related emergencies, perceived familiarity with selected ICD-related concepts, and access to ICD deactivation magnets. Data were analyzed descriptively, with exploratory subgroup analyses performed for selected variables.

RESULTS

A total of 340 paramedics participated in the survey. Most respondents reported having assisted patients experiencing ICD discharges, including during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Self-reported familiarity with ICD-related terminology and ECG features varied across items. Only 7.93% of respondents reported access to an ICD deactivation magnet in their ambulance, most often self-provided rather than officially supplied. Greater professional experience was associated with more frequently reported exposure to ICD-related emergencies.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study suggests that ICD-related emergencies are commonly encountered in prehospital practice, while access to ICD deactivation magnets remains limited. The findings reflect self-reported experience and perceived familiarity rather than objectively assessed competence and highlight potential system-level considerations for prehospital emergency care.