[The risk of choosing a residency in Health Sciences: a narrative review of key factors in decision-making].

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the main factors influencing the choice of a health sciences residency from a risk perspective, in order to provide a conceptual framework that supports informed decision-making among individuals beginning their postgraduate training.

METHODS

A narrative review of the literature published between 2000 and 2024 was conducted in Spanish and English, using searches in databases such as Medline and Latindex, as well as in official documents and institutional websites. An inductive thematic categorization strategy was applied, identifying six analytical dimensions of risk. The process was carried out independently by the authors, following the ethical guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and SANRA criteria.

RESULTS

The analysis identified six key components of perceived risk when choosing a residency: remuneration, institutional history, program structure, level of satisfaction, geographic location, and training opportunities. Each of these aspects entails specific advantages and challenges that must be evaluated by those in the selection process. The review provides practical tools and useful information to guide this decision.

CONCLUSION

Choosing a health sciences residency is a complex process involving multiple risks. Understanding and critically analyzing the factors involved—based on diverse and reliable sources—helps reduce uncertainty and supports decisions that better align with personal and professional expectations. The proposed approach may serve as a guide for applicants, mentors, and institutional decision-makers.