Living-unrelated renal transplantation: results in 40 patients.

Kidney transplantation for the treatment of end-stage renal disease has been limited by an inadequate number of donor organs. Because of the enormous impact kidney transplantation can have for patients, the authors have performed 40 living-unrelated donor renal transplantations using a donor-specific transfusion protocol since 1981. Ten additional patients were entered but became sensitized. Donors included 23 wives, seven husbands, six friends, and four individuals related by marriage. Type I diabetes was the most common indication for transplantation (45%). Despite 36 rejections in 24 patients (27 of 36 [75%] in the early postoperative period), only two grafts failed because of rejection. Twenty-one of these rejections responded to high-dose prednisone alone; the remainder required antilymphocyte globulin therapy or plasmapheresis. Sixteen patients had no acute rejections. Three other grafts were lost, including two deaths: one myocardial infarction (with a functioning graft), and one death secondary to a postoperative cecal perforation. One graft was lost from infarction after percutaneous nephrostomy placement. Of 40 grafts, 34 were functioning with a mean serum creatinine of 1.7 mg/dL (at a mean follow-up time of 27 months). Actuarial patient and graft survival were 94% and 89%, respectively, at 3 years. Living-unrelated renal transplants are an acceptable alternative to cadaver transplants, with excellent graft and patient survival.