Watershed year of cell and gene therapy (CGT): A review of 2024 CGT approvals.

The year 2024 is a pivotal year for therapeutic breakthroughs in human diseases, alongside with an uprising growth in precision medicine, especially in cell and gene therapies (CGTs), marked by an unprecedented approval number of 13 novel CGTs authorized by the U.S. FDA, China's NMPA, E.U. EMA, and Japan's PMDA. 2024 is also a year of many firsts: the first CRISPR therapy, the first MRI-guided intracranial AAV delivery gene therapy, and the first tumor infiltration lymphocyte therapy, opening a whole new chapter of clinical translation of innovations in gene-editing and cell technologies. CGTs represent an emerging translational modality in precision medicine through utilization of cellular or genetic materials to treat or prevent disease, offering curative potential for previously refractory diseases. Despite thriving in CGTs' development, comprehensive analyses of 2024 approvals remain absent. This review employs a quadruple axle comparative framework to analyze 2024-approved CGTs in China and USA, integrating mechanistic innovation with gradually improving regulatory advancements. Raw data was extracted from official agency databases, pivotal trials, and manufacturing reports. This work further delineates how mechanistic diversity converges with regulatory agility to redefine therapeutic development.