Advances in medical sciences · 2025
Determinants and dynamics of the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Poland.
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Adamczuk Justyna, Kamiński Karol Adam, Sołomacha Sebastian, Kazberuk Małgorzata, Chlabicz Magdalena, Czupryna Piotr, Dunaj-Małyszko Justyna, Citko Anna, Sowa Paweł, Dubatówka Marlena, Łapińska Magda, Kiszkiel Łukasz, Szczerbiński Łukasz, Laskowski Piotr Paweł, Alimowski Maciej, Moniuszko-Malinowska Anna
Аннотация
PURPOSE: In the present study, we aimed to assess the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in population and in convalescents 6 months after infection with COVID-19.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study population consisted of 2 groups, i.e. group I: 232 post-COVID-19 patients, and group II: 544 patients from a population cohort. Detection of anti-N antibodies was performed with Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anti-S antibodies with LIAISON SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG tests.
RESULTS: After the Omicron wave, gradual increase in the prevalence of the analyzed antibodies was observed in the general population - up to 92.5 % of anti-S and 69.7 % of anti-N antibodies. In the COVID-19 convalescents, 6 months after infection, 4.3 % and 3.7 % did not generate significant titers of anti-S and anti-N antibodies, respectively. Among patients, who were vaccinated, 1 % did not generate anti-S antibodies. The median age of non-responders was higher than that of responders. Sex did not influence the results. Comparison of anti-N and anti-S antibodies 6 months after infection in the whole group showed higher anti-N titer in patients who suffered from the disease than in the general population. In the general population, 17.4 % of participants had anti-N antibodies, and 9 % had anti-S antibodies, despite no prior vaccination or history of COVID-19.
CONCLUSIONS: High prevalence of anti-N antibodies in patients reporting no history of COVID-19 during last wave, even after official end of the pandemic suggests high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the environment and frequent asymptomatic or unspecific COVID-19, what is of high importance from the public health perspective.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study population consisted of 2 groups, i.e. group I: 232 post-COVID-19 patients, and group II: 544 patients from a population cohort. Detection of anti-N antibodies was performed with Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anti-S antibodies with LIAISON SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG tests.
RESULTS: After the Omicron wave, gradual increase in the prevalence of the analyzed antibodies was observed in the general population - up to 92.5 % of anti-S and 69.7 % of anti-N antibodies. In the COVID-19 convalescents, 6 months after infection, 4.3 % and 3.7 % did not generate significant titers of anti-S and anti-N antibodies, respectively. Among patients, who were vaccinated, 1 % did not generate anti-S antibodies. The median age of non-responders was higher than that of responders. Sex did not influence the results. Comparison of anti-N and anti-S antibodies 6 months after infection in the whole group showed higher anti-N titer in patients who suffered from the disease than in the general population. In the general population, 17.4 % of participants had anti-N antibodies, and 9 % had anti-S antibodies, despite no prior vaccination or history of COVID-19.
CONCLUSIONS: High prevalence of anti-N antibodies in patients reporting no history of COVID-19 during last wave, even after official end of the pandemic suggests high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the environment and frequent asymptomatic or unspecific COVID-19, what is of high importance from the public health perspective.