Frontiers in psychology · 2026
Effects of an 8-week self-compassion-based mental preparation program on mood states and 3,000 m performance in cadet cross-country athletes.
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Bouallagui Najha, Goumni Chiraz, Hammami Achraf, Driss Adel, Khalifa Riadh, Hammami Raouf, Amar Imen Ben
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Mental preparation is increasingly recognized as a key factor in optimizing both psychological and physical performance in athletes; however, its specific effects on mood states and endurance performance in cross-country runners remain insufficiently investigated.
OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effects of an 8-week mental preparation program on mood states and 3,000 m performance in cross-country athletes compared with a control group, with a specific focus on self-compassion-based training.
METHODS: Thirty-two male cross-country athletes (16 ± years old; 3-5 years of experience) were allocated to an experimental group (n = 17) or a control group (n = 15). The experimental group completed an 8-week self-compassion-based mental preparation program, while the control group continued regular training. Pre- and post-intervention assessments included the Profile of Mood States (POMS), the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), and a 3,000 m performance test. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA to examine Group × Time interactions.
RESULTS: No significant baseline differences were observed between groups. Significant Group × Time interactions were found for all mood state dimensions (p < 0.001), with the experimental group showing greater reductions in anxiety-tension, anger-hostility, confusion-perplexity, depression-dejection, and fatigue-inertia, and greater increases in vigor-activity and interpersonal relationships compared with controls. Significant improvements were also observed in all self-compassion dimensions (p < 0.001), with increases in self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness, and decreases in self-judgment, isolation, and over-identification in the experimental group. For physical performance, a significant Group × Time interaction was found for the 3,000 m test (F(1,30) = 7.24, p = 0.049, ηp 2 = 0.12), indicating greater performance improvement in the experimental group (9:55 ± 0:34 to 9:46 ± 0:28 min) compared with controls (9:48 ± 0:29 to 9:49 ± 0:34 min).
CONCLUSION: An 8-week self-compassion-based mental preparation program was associated with improved psychological wellbeing and a small, modest improvement in endurance performance in young cross-country athletes.
OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effects of an 8-week mental preparation program on mood states and 3,000 m performance in cross-country athletes compared with a control group, with a specific focus on self-compassion-based training.
METHODS: Thirty-two male cross-country athletes (16 ± years old; 3-5 years of experience) were allocated to an experimental group (n = 17) or a control group (n = 15). The experimental group completed an 8-week self-compassion-based mental preparation program, while the control group continued regular training. Pre- and post-intervention assessments included the Profile of Mood States (POMS), the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), and a 3,000 m performance test. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA to examine Group × Time interactions.
RESULTS: No significant baseline differences were observed between groups. Significant Group × Time interactions were found for all mood state dimensions (p < 0.001), with the experimental group showing greater reductions in anxiety-tension, anger-hostility, confusion-perplexity, depression-dejection, and fatigue-inertia, and greater increases in vigor-activity and interpersonal relationships compared with controls. Significant improvements were also observed in all self-compassion dimensions (p < 0.001), with increases in self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness, and decreases in self-judgment, isolation, and over-identification in the experimental group. For physical performance, a significant Group × Time interaction was found for the 3,000 m test (F(1,30) = 7.24, p = 0.049, ηp 2 = 0.12), indicating greater performance improvement in the experimental group (9:55 ± 0:34 to 9:46 ± 0:28 min) compared with controls (9:48 ± 0:29 to 9:49 ± 0:34 min).
CONCLUSION: An 8-week self-compassion-based mental preparation program was associated with improved psychological wellbeing and a small, modest improvement in endurance performance in young cross-country athletes.