Frontiers in immunology · 2026
Plasma membrane damage by environmental materials enhances cell-cell fusion and impairs defense functions of macrophages.
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Wu Dandan, Zhang Xing, Wang Ruoning, Livingston Amanda, Lu Xinyi, El Hayek Eliane, Xue Xiang, Neumann Aaron, Campen Matthew, Liu Meilian, Yang Xuexian O
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Many environmental materials can activate macrophages and trigger inflammatory responses. However, whether and how these exposures alter macrophage function in host defense remains elusive.
METHODS: Bone marrow-derived macrophages were treated with various environmental materials, including laundry detergent, and their membrane damage was measured by Annexin V staining. Alterations in macrophage function were assessed by cell-cell fusion, in vitro phagocytosis, and in vivo clearance of Candida albicans.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Many environmental hazards damage the plasma membranes of macrophages. This damage decreases macrophage phagocytosis but elevates cell-cell fusion. In vivo, airway exposure to laundry detergent impairs the recruitment of macrophages and other myeloid cells to the lung and dramatically dampens protective TH1 and TH17 cell responses, thereby increasing susceptibility to Candida infection in mice. Overall, our data indicate that exposure to environmental materials compromises macrophage membrane integrity and impairs host defense. These findings may aid in developing effective preventive and therapeutic strategies.
METHODS: Bone marrow-derived macrophages were treated with various environmental materials, including laundry detergent, and their membrane damage was measured by Annexin V staining. Alterations in macrophage function were assessed by cell-cell fusion, in vitro phagocytosis, and in vivo clearance of Candida albicans.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Many environmental hazards damage the plasma membranes of macrophages. This damage decreases macrophage phagocytosis but elevates cell-cell fusion. In vivo, airway exposure to laundry detergent impairs the recruitment of macrophages and other myeloid cells to the lung and dramatically dampens protective TH1 and TH17 cell responses, thereby increasing susceptibility to Candida infection in mice. Overall, our data indicate that exposure to environmental materials compromises macrophage membrane integrity and impairs host defense. These findings may aid in developing effective preventive and therapeutic strategies.