International breastfeeding journal · 2026
Infant feeding practices of Indian immigrant mothers and their association with sociodemographic factors: An Australia-wide cross-sectional survey.
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Tulpule Chitra, Zheng Miaobing, Szymlek-Gay Ewa A, Bolton Kristy A
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Little is known about infant feeding practices of Indian immigrant mothers in Australia; this study examined current practices and associated sociodemographic factors.
METHODS: A cross-sectional online survey collected infant feeding practices and sociodemographic data from 365 mothers born in India, with a full-term child born in Australia aged 1.5-5 years. Exclusive breastfeeding duration was calculated based on the child's earliest introduction to any non-breastmilk liquids or solids. Multivariable linear and logistic regression assessed the association between sociodemographic characteristics and infant feeding practices.
RESULTS: Mean breastfeeding duration and age when exposed to formula was 15.0 and 2.9 months, respectively. Exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months was reported by 30.1% of the mothers; and at 6 months 72.1% of infants had been introduced to formula, and 73.3% of infants had been introduced to solids. The introduction to cow's milk and sweet drinks before 12 months was 24% and 37%, respectively. Higher maternal BMI was associated with shorter breastfeeding duration (β: -0.33, 95%CI: -0.54, -0.13, p = 0.001), and higher odds of introducing sweet drinks before 12 months (OR:1.07, 95%CI: 1.01, 1.14, p = 0.01). Urban region before migration was associated with shorter breastfeeding duration (β: -2.92, 95%CI: -5.40, -0.44, p = 0.02) and lower odds of exclusively breastfeeding at 6 months (OR: 0.52, 95%CI: 0.29, 0.94, p = 0.03). Older mothers were less likely to introduce sweet drinks before 12 months (OR: 0.83, 95%CI: 0.75, 0.92, p = 0.001). Compared to mothers with a bachelor's degree or lower (lower levels of education) mothers with postgraduate education (higher levels of education) had 88% higher odds of introducing their infants to sweet drinks before 12 months (95% CI:1.06, 3.33). Mothers who lived in Australia for ≥ 10 years had reduced odds of exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months (OR: 0.49, 95%CI: 0.28, 0.83, p = 0.01).
CONCLUSION: The findings of this study highlight the associations between infant feeding practices and maternal sociodemographic factors, however causality cannot be inferred. Opportunities exist to improve prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months and to delay the introduction to sweet drinks. Culturally tailored support acknowledging regional contexts and length of stay, may help improve infant feeding practices.
CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
METHODS: A cross-sectional online survey collected infant feeding practices and sociodemographic data from 365 mothers born in India, with a full-term child born in Australia aged 1.5-5 years. Exclusive breastfeeding duration was calculated based on the child's earliest introduction to any non-breastmilk liquids or solids. Multivariable linear and logistic regression assessed the association between sociodemographic characteristics and infant feeding practices.
RESULTS: Mean breastfeeding duration and age when exposed to formula was 15.0 and 2.9 months, respectively. Exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months was reported by 30.1% of the mothers; and at 6 months 72.1% of infants had been introduced to formula, and 73.3% of infants had been introduced to solids. The introduction to cow's milk and sweet drinks before 12 months was 24% and 37%, respectively. Higher maternal BMI was associated with shorter breastfeeding duration (β: -0.33, 95%CI: -0.54, -0.13, p = 0.001), and higher odds of introducing sweet drinks before 12 months (OR:1.07, 95%CI: 1.01, 1.14, p = 0.01). Urban region before migration was associated with shorter breastfeeding duration (β: -2.92, 95%CI: -5.40, -0.44, p = 0.02) and lower odds of exclusively breastfeeding at 6 months (OR: 0.52, 95%CI: 0.29, 0.94, p = 0.03). Older mothers were less likely to introduce sweet drinks before 12 months (OR: 0.83, 95%CI: 0.75, 0.92, p = 0.001). Compared to mothers with a bachelor's degree or lower (lower levels of education) mothers with postgraduate education (higher levels of education) had 88% higher odds of introducing their infants to sweet drinks before 12 months (95% CI:1.06, 3.33). Mothers who lived in Australia for ≥ 10 years had reduced odds of exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months (OR: 0.49, 95%CI: 0.28, 0.83, p = 0.01).
CONCLUSION: The findings of this study highlight the associations between infant feeding practices and maternal sociodemographic factors, however causality cannot be inferred. Opportunities exist to improve prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months and to delay the introduction to sweet drinks. Culturally tailored support acknowledging regional contexts and length of stay, may help improve infant feeding practices.
CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.