Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2025
Molecular Identification and Genotyping of Dengue Virus and Its Vector Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Collected From the Red Sea Region, Egypt During 2023-2024.
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Rady Magda H, Ammar Asmaa M, Salama Mohamed S, Farag Shaimaa M
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Dengue fever poses a significant public health threat in tropical regions, with Aedes aegypti as the primary vector. This study investigated dengue virus prevalence and serotype distribution in field-collected Ae. aegypti mosquitoes across the Red Sea governorate during 2023-2024.
METHODS: A surveillance study was conducted across five districts (Shoaib, Al-Garf, Al-Owaina, Al-Odwa and Al-Ashraaf) from April 2023 to March 2024. A total of 1330 adult females Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were organised into 133 pools for molecular analysis. Molecular identification using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I and internal transcribed spacer 2 markers were used to assure the presence of Aedes vector. Dengue virus RNA detection employed nested RT-PCR with serotype-specific amplification.
RESULTS: All specimens were confirmed as Ae. aegypti with characteristic cytochrome oxidase I (714 bp) and internal transcribed spacer 2 (313 bp) amplification products and morphological examinations. Dengue virus RNA was detected in 13 adults out of 1330 females from all visited districts, with total MIR estimated as 0.97. Al-Odwa district showed the highest infection rate (1.3) followed by Shoaib (0.83), Al-Owaina and Al-Garf (1), while Al-Ashraaf had the lowest percentage (0.4). Peak viral activity occurred in December 2023 across all districts, with no summer detections (June-September 2023). Three serotypes circulated in our habitat: DENV-2 (all five districts), DENV-1 (four districts) and DENV-3 (Al-Odwa only). DENV-4 was absent. Four districts showed DENV-1/DENV-2 co-circulation, while Al-Odwa uniquely harboured DENV-2/DENV-3.
CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates active dengue virus circulation in Red Sea governorate with distinct spatial-temporal patterns. The identification of three co-circulating serotypes with geographic variation highlights regional epidemiological complexity. Seasonal patterns suggest that environmental influences affect transmission dynamics, providing crucial baseline data for targeting surveillance and control strategies.
METHODS: A surveillance study was conducted across five districts (Shoaib, Al-Garf, Al-Owaina, Al-Odwa and Al-Ashraaf) from April 2023 to March 2024. A total of 1330 adult females Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were organised into 133 pools for molecular analysis. Molecular identification using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I and internal transcribed spacer 2 markers were used to assure the presence of Aedes vector. Dengue virus RNA detection employed nested RT-PCR with serotype-specific amplification.
RESULTS: All specimens were confirmed as Ae. aegypti with characteristic cytochrome oxidase I (714 bp) and internal transcribed spacer 2 (313 bp) amplification products and morphological examinations. Dengue virus RNA was detected in 13 adults out of 1330 females from all visited districts, with total MIR estimated as 0.97. Al-Odwa district showed the highest infection rate (1.3) followed by Shoaib (0.83), Al-Owaina and Al-Garf (1), while Al-Ashraaf had the lowest percentage (0.4). Peak viral activity occurred in December 2023 across all districts, with no summer detections (June-September 2023). Three serotypes circulated in our habitat: DENV-2 (all five districts), DENV-1 (four districts) and DENV-3 (Al-Odwa only). DENV-4 was absent. Four districts showed DENV-1/DENV-2 co-circulation, while Al-Odwa uniquely harboured DENV-2/DENV-3.
CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates active dengue virus circulation in Red Sea governorate with distinct spatial-temporal patterns. The identification of three co-circulating serotypes with geographic variation highlights regional epidemiological complexity. Seasonal patterns suggest that environmental influences affect transmission dynamics, providing crucial baseline data for targeting surveillance and control strategies.