Annals of epidemiology · 2026
Short Report: Agreement Between Individual- and Area-Level Measures of Socioeconomic Status (SES) in Canada.
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Alessandrini Jenna, Fitzpatrick Tiffany, Smith Brendan T, Buchan Sarah A
Аннотация
PURPOSE: While area-level socioeconomic status (SES) is an important construct, it is also often used as a proxy for individual SES in the absence of person-level data. The ability for these measures to capture the same populations across the life course is unclear.
METHODS: We estimated concordance between individual- and area-level after-tax household income, a common measure of SES, among the 2016 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort. We used weighted Kappa statistics (where, for example, values 0-0.2 are interpreted as none-slight agreement and 0.81-1.0 as almost perfect agreement), including 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs), calculated overall and by age (<5, 5-17, 18-64, ≥65 years). Sociodemographic profiles of included populations were compared across income measures.
RESULTS: Agreement between individual- and area-level income was considered fair overall (weighted Kappa: 0.2480 [95%CI: 0.2476-0.2485]); trends were consistent across age groups with estimates ranging from 0.2157 (95%CI: 0.2145-0.2168) to 0.2838 (95%CI: 0.2819-0.2858) among those ≥65 and <5 years old, respectively. Differences in the sociodemographic profiles (e.g., employment, housing) of populations within each quintile were apparent between measures.
CONCLUSIONS: Individual- and area-level SES measures may capture populations differently. Understanding the comparability of these measures is important for informing public health planning aimed at reducing health inequities.
METHODS: We estimated concordance between individual- and area-level after-tax household income, a common measure of SES, among the 2016 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort. We used weighted Kappa statistics (where, for example, values 0-0.2 are interpreted as none-slight agreement and 0.81-1.0 as almost perfect agreement), including 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs), calculated overall and by age (<5, 5-17, 18-64, ≥65 years). Sociodemographic profiles of included populations were compared across income measures.
RESULTS: Agreement between individual- and area-level income was considered fair overall (weighted Kappa: 0.2480 [95%CI: 0.2476-0.2485]); trends were consistent across age groups with estimates ranging from 0.2157 (95%CI: 0.2145-0.2168) to 0.2838 (95%CI: 0.2819-0.2858) among those ≥65 and <5 years old, respectively. Differences in the sociodemographic profiles (e.g., employment, housing) of populations within each quintile were apparent between measures.
CONCLUSIONS: Individual- and area-level SES measures may capture populations differently. Understanding the comparability of these measures is important for informing public health planning aimed at reducing health inequities.