The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2026
Effect of vitamin D supplementation on bone health in Black, Asian and other non-White Ethnic adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
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Dong Honglin, Shardow Jamilatu Y, Mulligan Kathleen, Oyibo Patrick, Hirani Shashi
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Evidence on the effects of vitamin D supplementation on bone health is inconsistent, and no systematic review has focused specifically on non-White ethnic populations, who are at higher risk of vitamin D deficiency.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on bone health in non-White adults.
METHODS: CENTRAL, MEDLINE, AMED, EMBASE, EMCARE, CINAHL, and APA PsycInfo were searched from inception to September 2025. Randomised controlled trials involving all ethnic groups other than White adults receiving vitamin D supplementation of any dose or route were included. Outcomes were bone mineral density (BMD), bone turnover markers (BTMs), and fractures. Data were narratively synthesised, with meta-analyses conducted for BTMs using random-effects models. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias 2 tool.
RESULTS: Twelve trials (13 articles) involving 8,023 participants aged 18-90 years were included. Study populations comprised Black Africans, South Asians, South Koreans, and Chinese. Intervention duration ranged from 3 months to 5.3 years, with vitamin D doses from 400-6,400 IU/day. Of eight studies assessing BMD, only one study conducted in South Asians, reported significantly higher femoral neck and trochanter BMD after 12 months of vitamin D supplementation (400 IU/day) compared with placebo (p < 0.001). The primary meta-analysis showed significantly higher BALP concentrations in the vitamin D supplementation groups than in the control groups (SMD 0.96, 95% CI 0.09-1.83; p = 0.031), with substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 97.1%). However, after excluding one clinically distinct study in which both groups received risedronate, the pooled effect was attenuated and no longer statistically significant (SMD 0.64, 95% CI -0.14-1.41). Only one study examined fractures (n = 5,106) and found no significant difference between groups.
CONCLUSION: Evidence supporting vitamin D supplementation for improving bone health in non-White adults remains limited.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on bone health in non-White adults.
METHODS: CENTRAL, MEDLINE, AMED, EMBASE, EMCARE, CINAHL, and APA PsycInfo were searched from inception to September 2025. Randomised controlled trials involving all ethnic groups other than White adults receiving vitamin D supplementation of any dose or route were included. Outcomes were bone mineral density (BMD), bone turnover markers (BTMs), and fractures. Data were narratively synthesised, with meta-analyses conducted for BTMs using random-effects models. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias 2 tool.
RESULTS: Twelve trials (13 articles) involving 8,023 participants aged 18-90 years were included. Study populations comprised Black Africans, South Asians, South Koreans, and Chinese. Intervention duration ranged from 3 months to 5.3 years, with vitamin D doses from 400-6,400 IU/day. Of eight studies assessing BMD, only one study conducted in South Asians, reported significantly higher femoral neck and trochanter BMD after 12 months of vitamin D supplementation (400 IU/day) compared with placebo (p < 0.001). The primary meta-analysis showed significantly higher BALP concentrations in the vitamin D supplementation groups than in the control groups (SMD 0.96, 95% CI 0.09-1.83; p = 0.031), with substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 97.1%). However, after excluding one clinically distinct study in which both groups received risedronate, the pooled effect was attenuated and no longer statistically significant (SMD 0.64, 95% CI -0.14-1.41). Only one study examined fractures (n = 5,106) and found no significant difference between groups.
CONCLUSION: Evidence supporting vitamin D supplementation for improving bone health in non-White adults remains limited.