Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS · 2026
Which integrated plastic surgery residencies produce the most subspecialty fellows? Trends across subspecialty fellows from 2021-2025.
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Cafro Carolyn B, Tao Lindsay A, Chennupati Vignesh, Kim Esther A
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Subspecialty fellowship training is increasingly common among plastic surgery graduates, yet variation in fellowship placement across residency programs remains incompletely defined. While prior studies have focused on medical school pathways, less is known about residency-level contributions to subspecialty training.
METHODS: Fellowship placement data from 2021 to 2025 were collected for five plastic surgery-affiliated subspecialties: microsurgery, craniofacial, hand, aesthetic, and burn surgery. Fellows were identified using publicly available institutional and professional sources. Program-level placement rates were calculated using estimated graduate counts derived from National Resident Matching Program data. Programs were ranked by adjusted placement rate, and subspecialty-specific patterns were analyzed. Associations with Doximity reputation and research rankings were evaluated using Fisher's exact test and Spearman correlation.
RESULTS: Among 791 graduates, 351 (44.4%) pursued fellowship training. Hand surgery (15%) and microsurgery (14%) were the most common pathways, followed by aesthetics (8%) and craniofacial surgery (7%), with burn fellowships rare. Placement rates varied widely, with Duke (80%), Stanford (75%), and UCSF (73.3%) demonstrating the highest overall rates. Subspecialty-specific placement was concentrated at select academic programs. Top-25 programs by Doximity reputation demonstrated higher overall placement than non-Top-25 programs (50.3% vs 40.4%, p=0.0152), with a stronger association for microsurgery (p=0.0031). Reputation rank was modestly correlated with overall (ρ=-0.337, p=0.0206) and microsurgery placement (ρ=-0.398, p=0.0056), while research output was not significantly associated.
CONCLUSIONS: Fellowship placement varies substantially across programs and is partially associated with program reputation, particularly for microsurgery. These findings provide transparency into residency-level fellowship outcomes and may inform trainee decision-making and program evaluation.
METHODS: Fellowship placement data from 2021 to 2025 were collected for five plastic surgery-affiliated subspecialties: microsurgery, craniofacial, hand, aesthetic, and burn surgery. Fellows were identified using publicly available institutional and professional sources. Program-level placement rates were calculated using estimated graduate counts derived from National Resident Matching Program data. Programs were ranked by adjusted placement rate, and subspecialty-specific patterns were analyzed. Associations with Doximity reputation and research rankings were evaluated using Fisher's exact test and Spearman correlation.
RESULTS: Among 791 graduates, 351 (44.4%) pursued fellowship training. Hand surgery (15%) and microsurgery (14%) were the most common pathways, followed by aesthetics (8%) and craniofacial surgery (7%), with burn fellowships rare. Placement rates varied widely, with Duke (80%), Stanford (75%), and UCSF (73.3%) demonstrating the highest overall rates. Subspecialty-specific placement was concentrated at select academic programs. Top-25 programs by Doximity reputation demonstrated higher overall placement than non-Top-25 programs (50.3% vs 40.4%, p=0.0152), with a stronger association for microsurgery (p=0.0031). Reputation rank was modestly correlated with overall (ρ=-0.337, p=0.0206) and microsurgery placement (ρ=-0.398, p=0.0056), while research output was not significantly associated.
CONCLUSIONS: Fellowship placement varies substantially across programs and is partially associated with program reputation, particularly for microsurgery. These findings provide transparency into residency-level fellowship outcomes and may inform trainee decision-making and program evaluation.