The Medical journal of Malaysia · 2026
Prevalence and determinants of antimicrobial resistance in pneumonia among adult patients in Hospital Shah Alam, Malaysia.
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Zulkifli A Z Z, Ghazali F M N, Md Salleh R A, Suryani M T, Yasin S M, Isa M R
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) continues to threaten our healthcare system. Unnecessary antibiotic use contributes to the development of AMR infections in hospitalized pneumonia patients. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of AMR and its associated factors in pneumonia among adult patients treated in-patient in a hospital.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data extracted from the hospital's electronic medical records. Patients aged 18 years or older admitted to the hospital from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 31 2023, discharged with a diagnosis of pneumonia were included in the study population.
RESULTS: A total of 300 eligible samples were selected using universal sampling. The analysis revealed a prevalence of AMR of 15.7% (95% CI: 11.5, 19.8). Multivariable analysis using multiple logistic regression showed that patients' age (OR = 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.05), Indian and other ethnicities (OR = 2.24; 95% CI: 1.05, 4.77), length of stay (OR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.08) and invasive procedures (OR = 3.65; 95% CI: 1.71, 7.82) were significantly associated with AMR.
CONCLUSION: The findings from our study highlighted a considerable burden of AMR among pneumonia patients in a Malaysian tertiary hospital. Thus, there is a need for targeted infection control strategies and antimicrobial stewardship, especially among high-risk groups. Strengthening surveillance and justified antibiotic use is crucial to fight the rising threat of AMR in Malaysia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data extracted from the hospital's electronic medical records. Patients aged 18 years or older admitted to the hospital from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 31 2023, discharged with a diagnosis of pneumonia were included in the study population.
RESULTS: A total of 300 eligible samples were selected using universal sampling. The analysis revealed a prevalence of AMR of 15.7% (95% CI: 11.5, 19.8). Multivariable analysis using multiple logistic regression showed that patients' age (OR = 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.05), Indian and other ethnicities (OR = 2.24; 95% CI: 1.05, 4.77), length of stay (OR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.08) and invasive procedures (OR = 3.65; 95% CI: 1.71, 7.82) were significantly associated with AMR.
CONCLUSION: The findings from our study highlighted a considerable burden of AMR among pneumonia patients in a Malaysian tertiary hospital. Thus, there is a need for targeted infection control strategies and antimicrobial stewardship, especially among high-risk groups. Strengthening surveillance and justified antibiotic use is crucial to fight the rising threat of AMR in Malaysia.