Public health · 2026
Global pandemic preparedness frameworks in the 21st century: A scoping review.
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McCready-Branch B, Bhattacharyya D S, Rajeswaran T, Jobaida B, Ponrajah L, Guglietti V, Mac C, Islam M A, Iftikhar L, Butt Z A
Аннотация
OBJECTIVES: The COVID-19 pandemic exposed profound deficiencies in global health preparedness for infectious disease outbreaks. While progress has been made in creating pandemic preparedness frameworks at various scales, there is a lack of a comprehensive overview of the similarities and differences among these frameworks. This scoping review aims to address this gap by mapping pandemic preparedness frameworks to identify key components.
STUDY DESIGN: Scoping Review.
METHODS: Using the methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley, this scoping review mapped the peer-reviewed and grey literature presenting pandemic preparedness frameworks across world regions published between January 2000 and June 2025. A thematic framework was prepared outlining four domains of pandemic preparedness (Predict, Prevent, Detect, and Respond) based on the ten pillars of the World Health Organization (WHO) COVID-19 Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan (SPRP). Braun and Clark's thematic analysis method was used to analyze the results of the included studies.
RESULTS: This scoping review identified 41 articles presenting pandemic preparedness frameworks, with most scaled for national implementation (n = 25), followed by global (n = 13) and regional (n = 3) implementation. Key components of the identified frameworks were grouped into themes under the four domains, including multi-sectoral collaboration (n = 13), surveillance programs (n = 13), and social media risk communication (n = 9).
CONCLUSIONS: Findings revealed that pandemic preparedness is a multidimensional, multisectoral process, as the reviewed frameworks emphasize complementary strategies across prediction, prevention, detection, and response domains. Further research should evaluate the effectiveness and contextual applicability of individual strategies.
STUDY DESIGN: Scoping Review.
METHODS: Using the methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley, this scoping review mapped the peer-reviewed and grey literature presenting pandemic preparedness frameworks across world regions published between January 2000 and June 2025. A thematic framework was prepared outlining four domains of pandemic preparedness (Predict, Prevent, Detect, and Respond) based on the ten pillars of the World Health Organization (WHO) COVID-19 Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan (SPRP). Braun and Clark's thematic analysis method was used to analyze the results of the included studies.
RESULTS: This scoping review identified 41 articles presenting pandemic preparedness frameworks, with most scaled for national implementation (n = 25), followed by global (n = 13) and regional (n = 3) implementation. Key components of the identified frameworks were grouped into themes under the four domains, including multi-sectoral collaboration (n = 13), surveillance programs (n = 13), and social media risk communication (n = 9).
CONCLUSIONS: Findings revealed that pandemic preparedness is a multidimensional, multisectoral process, as the reviewed frameworks emphasize complementary strategies across prediction, prevention, detection, and response domains. Further research should evaluate the effectiveness and contextual applicability of individual strategies.