Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2026
Genetic architecture of ultra-processed food consumption links neurodevelopmental and metabolic pathways to habitual diet.
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Morys Filip, Nielsen Daiva E, Liu Lang, Kanyamibwa Arsene, Attar Atheer, Meng Tongzhu, Shishikura Mari, Horstmann Annette, Dagher Alain
Аннотация
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption is rising globally and is implicated in non-communicable diseases including cancer, metabolic disorders, and dementia. Engineered to optimize palatability, UPFs introduce sensory properties that may drive consumption beyond that of traditional foods. However, it remains unclear whether this susceptibility is a product of environmental exposure alone or reflects a distinct, heritable genetic architecture, as is the case in food preferences in general.
METHODS: Here, we present a genome-wide association study of UPF consumption in over 142,000 UK Biobank participants with a polygenic score validation in an independent cohort.
RESULTS: We identify 23 genes, most of which cluster within two major chromosomal inversions - 17q21.31 and 8p23.1 - linked to brain development and morphology, as well as FGF21, a gene associated with sugar and alcohol preference. Downstream analyses reveal that UPF-associated genes are preferentially expressed in neurons and oligodendrocyte precursor cells of subcortical brain regions previously implicated in UPF intake. Genetic correlations with metabolic traits, macronutrient intake, and self-control provide insight into potential physiological and behavioural correlates of UPF consumption.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight neurobiological correlates of UPF intake, generating hypotheses regarding brain-behaviour relationships in diet-related disease.
METHODS: Here, we present a genome-wide association study of UPF consumption in over 142,000 UK Biobank participants with a polygenic score validation in an independent cohort.
RESULTS: We identify 23 genes, most of which cluster within two major chromosomal inversions - 17q21.31 and 8p23.1 - linked to brain development and morphology, as well as FGF21, a gene associated with sugar and alcohol preference. Downstream analyses reveal that UPF-associated genes are preferentially expressed in neurons and oligodendrocyte precursor cells of subcortical brain regions previously implicated in UPF intake. Genetic correlations with metabolic traits, macronutrient intake, and self-control provide insight into potential physiological and behavioural correlates of UPF consumption.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight neurobiological correlates of UPF intake, generating hypotheses regarding brain-behaviour relationships in diet-related disease.