Endocrine · 2026
Voluntary exercise ameliorates obesity and related metabolic disorders by promoting browning of visceral adipose tissue.
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Yu Junzheng, Cao Mengshu, Ma Sainan, Fan Xiushan, Tang Liang, Sun Lijun
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate whether voluntary exercise alleviates obesity-induced metabolic disorders by promoting visceral adipose tissue (VAT) browning and to explore its potential mechanisms.
METHODS: Thirty male C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal diet (ND) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks. Obese HFD mice were then divided into sedentary (HFD) or voluntary wheel running (HFD + VWR) groups and switched to standard diet for 4 weeks. VWR mice had access to unlocked running wheels; HFD controls had locked wheels.
RESULTS: Voluntary exercise significantly reduced obesity-associated metabolic disturbances compared to HFD controls, including decreased body weight, fat mass, serum insulin, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (T-CHO), and hepatic lipid accumulation. Crucially, voluntary exercise enhanced VAT browning, evidenced by upregulated UCP1 and PPAR-γ protein expression, as well as increased mRNA levels of beige adipocyte-specific markers TMEM26 and CD137. Additionally, VWR significantly upregulated the protein expression of the exercise-responsive factor FGF21 in VAT. Mechanistically, the observed browning phenotype was accompanied by alterations in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling axis, characterized by enhanced PI3K/AKT activity and reduced mTOR phosphorylation, though the causal relationship remains to be established.
CONCLUSIONS: Voluntary exercise mitigates obesity and metabolic dysfunction, may be associated with the regulation of VAT browning, potentially involving the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling axis, thus enhancing insulin sensitivity and reducing lipid accumulation. Unlike forced exercise, it is low-stress and self-regulated, offering a mechanistic reference for understanding exercise-induced adipose remodeling.
METHODS: Thirty male C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal diet (ND) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks. Obese HFD mice were then divided into sedentary (HFD) or voluntary wheel running (HFD + VWR) groups and switched to standard diet for 4 weeks. VWR mice had access to unlocked running wheels; HFD controls had locked wheels.
RESULTS: Voluntary exercise significantly reduced obesity-associated metabolic disturbances compared to HFD controls, including decreased body weight, fat mass, serum insulin, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (T-CHO), and hepatic lipid accumulation. Crucially, voluntary exercise enhanced VAT browning, evidenced by upregulated UCP1 and PPAR-γ protein expression, as well as increased mRNA levels of beige adipocyte-specific markers TMEM26 and CD137. Additionally, VWR significantly upregulated the protein expression of the exercise-responsive factor FGF21 in VAT. Mechanistically, the observed browning phenotype was accompanied by alterations in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling axis, characterized by enhanced PI3K/AKT activity and reduced mTOR phosphorylation, though the causal relationship remains to be established.
CONCLUSIONS: Voluntary exercise mitigates obesity and metabolic dysfunction, may be associated with the regulation of VAT browning, potentially involving the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling axis, thus enhancing insulin sensitivity and reducing lipid accumulation. Unlike forced exercise, it is low-stress and self-regulated, offering a mechanistic reference for understanding exercise-induced adipose remodeling.