The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2026
Consumption of organic compared with conventional fruits and vegetables in relation to cancer risk: findings from the NutriNet-Santé cohort study.
СтатьяНаблюдательное исследованиеНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Berlivet Justine, Meyer Emma, Allès Benjamin, Lairon Denis, Hercberg Serge, Touvier Mathilde, Srour Bernard, Baudry Julia, Kesse-Guyot Emmanuelle
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Regular fruits and vegetables (F&V) consumption is linked to a lower risk of certain cancers. However, F&V can contain pesticides, some of which may have carcinogenic properties. Organic foods are thought to reduce pesticide residue exposure, but the relationship between organic consumption and cancer risk is inconsistent. Notably, to our knowledge, no study has explored substituting conventional with organic F&V.
OBJECTIVES: This study examined the association between substituting conventional with organic F&V and cancer risk in the NutriNet-Santé cohort (∼31,000 French adults), using detailed data from a food frequency questionnaire distinguishing between conventional and organic products.
METHODS: Substitution of conventional F&V with organic F&V, at fixed total F&V consumption, was examined with multivariable Cox proportional hazards models per 100 g/d increment of substitution and by quintiles. Sensitivity analyses as well as marginal structural models were also implemented to improve causal inference.
RESULTS: A total of 31,179 participants, 75% of whom were females, were included in the analyses. During follow-up {mean = 7.3 y [standard deviation = 3.1]}, 1718 cancer cases (284 cases of postmenopausal breast cancer) were registered >227,660 person-years. Substituting conventional with organic F&V was associated with a lower risk of overall cancer {hazard ratio (HR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] for a 100 g/d substitution = 0.98 (0.95, 1.00)} and a lower risk of postmenopausal breast cancer [HR (95% CI) for a 100 g/d substitution = 0.90 (0.85, 0.96)], whereas no association was detected for other cancer locations. When modeled by quintiles, an inverse association was found for postmenopausal breast cancer but not for overall cancer or other locations. When running marginal structural models and testing for additional adjustments, findings remained significant for postmenopausal breast cancer.
CONCLUSIONS: In the present work, substituting conventional F&V with organic ones was associated with a reduced risk of postmenopausal cancer. The specific role of organic F&V compared with conventional F&V needs further investigation in other contexts. The NutriNet-Santé cohort is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03335644 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03335644).
OBJECTIVES: This study examined the association between substituting conventional with organic F&V and cancer risk in the NutriNet-Santé cohort (∼31,000 French adults), using detailed data from a food frequency questionnaire distinguishing between conventional and organic products.
METHODS: Substitution of conventional F&V with organic F&V, at fixed total F&V consumption, was examined with multivariable Cox proportional hazards models per 100 g/d increment of substitution and by quintiles. Sensitivity analyses as well as marginal structural models were also implemented to improve causal inference.
RESULTS: A total of 31,179 participants, 75% of whom were females, were included in the analyses. During follow-up {mean = 7.3 y [standard deviation = 3.1]}, 1718 cancer cases (284 cases of postmenopausal breast cancer) were registered >227,660 person-years. Substituting conventional with organic F&V was associated with a lower risk of overall cancer {hazard ratio (HR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] for a 100 g/d substitution = 0.98 (0.95, 1.00)} and a lower risk of postmenopausal breast cancer [HR (95% CI) for a 100 g/d substitution = 0.90 (0.85, 0.96)], whereas no association was detected for other cancer locations. When modeled by quintiles, an inverse association was found for postmenopausal breast cancer but not for overall cancer or other locations. When running marginal structural models and testing for additional adjustments, findings remained significant for postmenopausal breast cancer.
CONCLUSIONS: In the present work, substituting conventional F&V with organic ones was associated with a reduced risk of postmenopausal cancer. The specific role of organic F&V compared with conventional F&V needs further investigation in other contexts. The NutriNet-Santé cohort is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03335644 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03335644).