Gait & posture · 2025
Association between bone mineral density and ground reaction force in male and female runners.
СтатьяПоддержка исследования: вне правительства СШАНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Smith Maxwell D, Wong Rebecca L, Pamukoff Derek N
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Bone responds to loading by accruing areal bone mineral density (BMD). Distance runners experience a ground reaction force (GRF) during exercise which contributes to bone loading. Sex differences in BMD reflect that males and females respond differently to running-imposed GRF.
RESEARCH QUESTION: What is the relationship between GRF and BMD in male and female runners?
METHODS: Forty participants (20 male; age=25.1 ± 4.5 years; height=1.7 ± 0.1 m; mass=67.2 ± 11.5 kg) who routinely participated in distance running (44.0 ± 26.1 km/week over 4.5 ± 1.5 weekly sessions for the past 6.9 ± 5.2 years) underwent dual x-ray absorptiometry to calculate BMD and ran on a force-instrumented treadmill to measure vertical GRF characteristics at a self-selected (SS) and at a standardized pace (SP; 3.33 m/s). Independent samples t-tests compared outcomes between males and females. Pearson correlation examined associations between GRF and BMD separately based on sex.
RESULTS: Absolute GRF and BMD outcomes were consistently lower in females compared with males (all p < 0.05). At SS, greater BMD in some sites was associated with greater vertical GRF (r = 0.582-0.793, p < 0.001-0.007), vertical loading rate (r = 0.459-0.626, p = 0.003-0.042), and vertical impulse (r = 0.518-0.759, p < 0.001-0.019) in males. Greater BMD in some sites was also associated with greater vertical GRF (r = 0.550-0.736, p < 0.001-0.012), vertical loading rate (r = 0.495-0.718, p < 0.001-0.026), and vertical impulse (r = 0.478-0.755, p < 0.001-0.033) in males at SP. There were no associations between BMD and GRF in females at either pace (r = -0.095-0.360, p = 0.130-0.983).
SIGNIFICANCE: The associations between GRF and BMD in runners differ between males and females. Supplemental training methods may be necessary for female runners to influence BMD.
RESEARCH QUESTION: What is the relationship between GRF and BMD in male and female runners?
METHODS: Forty participants (20 male; age=25.1 ± 4.5 years; height=1.7 ± 0.1 m; mass=67.2 ± 11.5 kg) who routinely participated in distance running (44.0 ± 26.1 km/week over 4.5 ± 1.5 weekly sessions for the past 6.9 ± 5.2 years) underwent dual x-ray absorptiometry to calculate BMD and ran on a force-instrumented treadmill to measure vertical GRF characteristics at a self-selected (SS) and at a standardized pace (SP; 3.33 m/s). Independent samples t-tests compared outcomes between males and females. Pearson correlation examined associations between GRF and BMD separately based on sex.
RESULTS: Absolute GRF and BMD outcomes were consistently lower in females compared with males (all p < 0.05). At SS, greater BMD in some sites was associated with greater vertical GRF (r = 0.582-0.793, p < 0.001-0.007), vertical loading rate (r = 0.459-0.626, p = 0.003-0.042), and vertical impulse (r = 0.518-0.759, p < 0.001-0.019) in males. Greater BMD in some sites was also associated with greater vertical GRF (r = 0.550-0.736, p < 0.001-0.012), vertical loading rate (r = 0.495-0.718, p < 0.001-0.026), and vertical impulse (r = 0.478-0.755, p < 0.001-0.033) in males at SP. There were no associations between BMD and GRF in females at either pace (r = -0.095-0.360, p = 0.130-0.983).
SIGNIFICANCE: The associations between GRF and BMD in runners differ between males and females. Supplemental training methods may be necessary for female runners to influence BMD.