Determinants of performance in Ethiopian short-distance runners: A mixed-methods investigation of training facilities and environmental influences.

BACKGROUND: Short-distance running is crucial for short distance athletic success in Ethiopia, yet research on the specific performance factors affecting these athletes is limited. While Ethiopia is renowned for its long-distance runners, the challenges faced by short-distance athletes remain underexplored. This study aims to fill this gap by investigating how training environments, coaching practices, and socioeconomic factors influence the performance of Ethiopian short-distance runners.

OBJECTIVE: The objective is to identify key performance determinants and evaluate the impact of training environments and coaching methodologies on competitive success among short-distance athletes.

METHOD: A cross-sectional descriptive survey design was utilized, involving 230 athletes from major Ethiopian training centers. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, assessing demographics, training practices, and performance metrics. A pilot test with 30 athletes refined the instruments for clarity and engagement. Statistical analyses were conducted using multivariate regression techniques to evaluate the relationships between coaching quality, environmental factors, and athlete performance metrics.

RESULTS: Findings reveal significant relationships between coaching quality and performance, with athletes trained under modern methodologies exhibiting better outcomes. Higher educational levels among coaches correlated positively with athlete performance metrics. Environmental factors, such as training conditions and altitude, significantly influenced performance, while psychological factors like motivation and self-efficacy emerged as critical determinants. Analysis revealed that athletes trained under modern coaching methodologies (CM) had a CM (3.67) times higher likelihood of optimal performance compared to those with less effective coaching Exp (β) (3.67), (p = 0.01). Environmental conditions significantly impacted performance, with athletes training in cooler conditions CC (10°C-20°C) achieving faster race times by approximately 15 % compared to those training in hot conditions HC (above 30°C). Psychological factors, including motivation and self-efficacy, were positively correlated with performance metrics r (0.45), (p = 0.001).

DISCUSSION: The study highlights significant disparities between short-distance and long-distance performance in Ethiopia, emphasizing the necessity for tailored training programs and enhanced resource allocation. It underscores the unique challenges faced by short-distance runners, which necessitate a reevaluation of current training methodologies. Additionally, the findings advocate for a strategic focus on short-distance running, an area that has historically received less attention, to improve overall performance outcomes.

CONCLUSION: Addressing the unique challenges faced by Ethiopian short-distance runners through improved coaching quality and resource allocation can enhance their competitive success.

RECOMMENDATION: Future research should explore longitudinal designs to assess the long-term effects of coaching practices and socioeconomic factors on performance outcomes. Additionally, initiatives aimed at improving access to quality training facilities and education for coaches are essential for fostering athlete development in short-distance events.