Optimizing Affective Experience in Individualized Exercise: The Roles of Audiovisual Stimuli, Exercise Intensity, and Intensity Preference.

In this multi-study investigation, we examined the effects of audiovisual stimuli, exercise intensity, and intensity preference on modulating affective valence during acute exercise. We also investigated physical activity (PA) following a 4-week audiovisual-assisted exercise program among physically inactive adults. In Study 1, participants were randomized into audiovisual or control conditions and completed 20 min of moderate-intensity treadmill running. Affective valence was assessed throughout the exercise. In Study 2, participants with high or low preferences for high-intensity exercise completed two exercise sessions above and below the ventilatory threshold (VT). Affective valence was assessed throughout each exercise bout. In Study 3, participants with high or low preferences for high-intensity exercise completed a 4-week exercise program. Participants were randomized into two intensity conditions: above or below VT. Affective valence was assessed during the final session of the 4-week program. Future PA was assessed via pedometers 1 month after the program. In Study 1, audiovisual stimuli led to more positive affective valence compared to the control condition. In Study 2, participants with high preferences reported more positive affective valence during exercise below VT compared to above VT. In Study 3, the alignment between exercise intensity and intensity preference was associated with both more positive affective valence and greater PA at 4-weeks. These findings highlight the role of audiovisual stimuli and individualized intensity in shaping affective experiences during exercise. Study 3, in particular, demonstrates that aligning exercise intensity with personal preferences can foster both immediate affective benefits and long-term PA adherence.