The REDOX balance in the prefrontal cortex is positively modulated by aerobic exercise and altered by overfeeding.

While obesity rates increase worldwide, physical activity levels are reduced. Obesity and physical inactivity may be inversely related to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cause oxidative stress in the central nervous system. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of aerobic physical exercise on the oxidative balance of the prefrontal cortex of rats subjected to overnutrition during lactation. For this, male Wistar rats were subjected to overnutrition during lactation between postnatal day 3 to 21. On postnatal day 23, the two groups of animals were subdivided into trained and untrained animals. Trained rats were subjected to a treadmill training protocol for four weeks, five days/week, 60 min/day, at 50% of maximum running capacity. Our findings demonstrate that overnutrition impairs REDOX balance in the prefrontal cortex through increased prooxidants and reduced antioxidant defenses. On the contrary, exercise tends to restore most of these measures to control levels, possibly due to the increase in mRNA levels of Sirt1 and reduction in Il-6 in the prefrontal cortex. Overnutrition causes oxidative stress in the prefrontal cortex, while exercise re-covers most of its adverse effects through activating anti-inflammatory mechanisms.