Skin contamination and low airborne nickel exposure of electroplaters.

The present study was performed to evaluate the role of hand and facial contamination in the absorption of soluble nickel compounds in 41 male subjects employed in electroplating operations in 25 small factories in the province of Florence (Italy). Personal exposure to airborne nickel ranged from 0.10 to 42 micrograms/m3; the median (range) urine, hands and face nickel levels were 4.2 (0.7-50) micrograms/l, 39 (1.9-547) micrograms, 9.0 (1.0-86) micrograms, respectively. Face nickel values explained the bulk of the variance in urine nickel levels (42%). In stepwise multiple regression analysis all other variables were not significant. The log-linear model can be expressed as: log (urine-Ni) = 0.295 + 0.593 log (face-Ni). Our results suggest that skin contamination, especially facial skin, plays an important role in nickel absorption in exposed workers.