BMC public health · 2025
Public knowledge of air pollution sources and its health effects: a 2025 cross-sectional survey on a representative sample of adults in Poland.
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Grześczyk-Nojszewska Zuzanna, Sękowski Kuba, Mazurek Agnieszka, Pinkas Wojciech, Jankowski Mateusz, Grudziąż-Sękowska Justyna
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Air pollution is well-established modifiable risk factor contributing to both non-communicable and communicable diseases worldwide and is responsible for over 6 million additional deaths each year. In Poland, where residential heating is the main source of air pollution, public's engagment is essential for improving air quality. This study aimed to assess the social awareness of air pollution on a representative sample of adults in Poland.
METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional survey based on a self-prepared questionnaire and conducted on a sample of Polish adults (n = 1092) between June 6th and 10th, 2025 using the computer-assisted web interview (CAWI) methodology. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test and logistic regression were used.
RESULTS: Data were collected from 1092 respondents. The vast majority (90.5%) of the participants agreed that air pollution can cause serious health problems. The most commonly reported air pollution sources were industry (72.2%) and home waste burning (68.8%), while only 49.7% pointed to home heating systems. Men were more likely than woman (p < 0.05) to know that PM2.5 and PM10 are air pollutants. Participants living in cities with 20,000 to 99,999 residents were most likely to indicate home heating systems as a source of air pollution (p < 0.001). In multivariable logistic regression female gender (aOR = 1.81; 95%CI = 1.18-2.77; p = 0.006), age 60 years and over (aOR = 3.99; 95%CI = 1.70-9.40; p = 0.002), having higher education (aOR = 2.00; 95%CI = 1.29-3.11; p = 0.002), and living in a household of at least two people (p < 0.05) were significantly associated with increased awareness of exposure to air pollution as a risk factor for serious health conditions.
CONCLUSIONS: There are significant gaps in the public's knowledge of air pollution in Poland, especially among the younger generations. In order to improve Poland's air quality, tailored education campaigns and public interventions are urgently needed.
METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional survey based on a self-prepared questionnaire and conducted on a sample of Polish adults (n = 1092) between June 6th and 10th, 2025 using the computer-assisted web interview (CAWI) methodology. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test and logistic regression were used.
RESULTS: Data were collected from 1092 respondents. The vast majority (90.5%) of the participants agreed that air pollution can cause serious health problems. The most commonly reported air pollution sources were industry (72.2%) and home waste burning (68.8%), while only 49.7% pointed to home heating systems. Men were more likely than woman (p < 0.05) to know that PM2.5 and PM10 are air pollutants. Participants living in cities with 20,000 to 99,999 residents were most likely to indicate home heating systems as a source of air pollution (p < 0.001). In multivariable logistic regression female gender (aOR = 1.81; 95%CI = 1.18-2.77; p = 0.006), age 60 years and over (aOR = 3.99; 95%CI = 1.70-9.40; p = 0.002), having higher education (aOR = 2.00; 95%CI = 1.29-3.11; p = 0.002), and living in a household of at least two people (p < 0.05) were significantly associated with increased awareness of exposure to air pollution as a risk factor for serious health conditions.
CONCLUSIONS: There are significant gaps in the public's knowledge of air pollution in Poland, especially among the younger generations. In order to improve Poland's air quality, tailored education campaigns and public interventions are urgently needed.