Exposure to long-term source-specific transportation noise and incident breast cancer: A pooled study of eight Nordic cohorts.
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Thacher Jesse D, Oudin Anna, Flanagan Erin, Mattisson Kristoffer, Albin Maria, Roswall Nina, Pyko Andrei, Aasvang Gunn Marit, Andersen Zorana J, Borgquist Signe, Brandt Jørgen, Broberg Karin, Cole-Hunter Thomas, Eriksson Charlotta, Eneroth Kristina, Gudjonsdottir Hrafnhildur, Helte Emilie, Ketzel Matthias, Lanki Timo, Lim Youn-Hee, Leander Karin, Ljungman Petter, Manjer Jonas, Männistö Satu, Raaschou-Nielsen Ole, Pershagen Göran, Rizzuto Debora, Sandsveden Malte, Selander Jenny, Simonsen Mette K, Stucki Lara, Spanne Mårten, Stockfelt Leo, Tjønneland Anne, Yli-Tuomi Tarja, Tiittanen Pekka, Valencia Victor H, Ögren Mikael, Åkesson Agneta, Sørensen Mette
Аннотация
METHODS: Pooled data from eight Nordic cohorts provided a study population of 111,492 women. Road, railway, and aircraft noise were modelled at residential addresses. Breast cancer incidence (all, estrogen receptor (ER) positive, and ER negative) was derived from cancer registries. Hazard ratios (HR) were estimated using Cox Proportional Hazards Models, adjusting main models for sociodemographic and lifestyle variables together with long-term exposure to air pollution.
RESULTS: A total of 93,859 women were included in the analyses, of whom 5,875 developed breast cancer. The median (5th-95th percentile) 5-year residential road traffic noise was 54.8 (40.0-67.8) dB Lden, and among those exposed, the median railway noise was 51.0 (41.2-65.8) dB Lden. We observed a pooled HR for breast cancer (95 % confidence interval (CI)) of 1.03 (0.99-1.06) per 10 dB increase in 5-year mean exposure to road traffic noise, and 1.03 (95 % CI: 0.96-1.11) for railway noise, after adjustment for lifestyle and sociodemographic covariates. HRs remained unchanged in analyses with further adjustment for PM2.5 and attenuated when adjusted for NO2 (HRs from 1.02 to 1.01), in analyses using the same sample. For aircraft noise, no association was observed. The associations did not vary by ER status for any noise source. In analyses using <60 dB as a cutoff, we found HRs of 1.08 (0.99-1.18) for road traffic and 1.19 (0.95-1.49) for railway noise.
CONCLUSIONS: We found weak associations between road and railway noise and breast cancer risk. More high-quality prospective studies are needed, particularly among those exposed to railway and aircraft noise before conclusions regarding noise as a risk factor for breast cancer can be made.