The Journal of surgical research · 2026
A Retrospective Observational Study of Violent Deaths Among Transitional-aged, Unhoused Youth.
СтатьяНаблюдательное исследованиеНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Alder Catherine C, Garofalo Denise M, McCarthy Virginia, Velopulos Catherine, Myers Quintin W O
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Housing instability of transitional-aged youth, 18 to 24 years-old, has not been well described. These individuals may be susceptible to sexual exploitation, mental health disorders, illicit substance use, and gang activity. This study characterizes violent death among transitional-aged, unhoused individuals.
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the National Violent Death Reporting System, a database of police and medical examiner state records, from 2003 to 2021. Demographic variables were included. We conducted two comparisons using Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests. We compared transitional-aged (18-24 y old) to nontransitional-aged youth individuals. We then compared housed to unhoused individuals. Variables included the presence of substance abuse, mental health problems, gang involvement, and prostitution, among others.
RESULTS: From 2003 to 2021, the National Violent Death Reporting System had complete housing data for 518,829 individuals of which 9217 were unhoused and 72,239 transitional-aged, with 710 victims as both transitional-aged and unhoused. Most transitional-aged, unhoused victims were White and male. Compared to housed counterparts, unhoused transitional-aged youth had higher proportions of substance use (P < 0.001), mental health disorders (P < 0.001), and prostitution involvement (P < 0.001). Unhoused transitional-aged youth had no difference in substance use (P = 0.532), mental health disorders (P = 0.833), or prostitution (P = 0.340) compared to their older similarly unhoused counterparts, yet death among transitional-aged youth was more likely to be gang-related (P = 0.002).
CONCLUSIONS: This study found that experiencing homelessness has important associations between violent death and higher rates of substance use, mental health disorders, and prostitution in the transitional-aged, unhoused population. This highlights a potentially critical intervention point for this vulnerable population.
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the National Violent Death Reporting System, a database of police and medical examiner state records, from 2003 to 2021. Demographic variables were included. We conducted two comparisons using Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests. We compared transitional-aged (18-24 y old) to nontransitional-aged youth individuals. We then compared housed to unhoused individuals. Variables included the presence of substance abuse, mental health problems, gang involvement, and prostitution, among others.
RESULTS: From 2003 to 2021, the National Violent Death Reporting System had complete housing data for 518,829 individuals of which 9217 were unhoused and 72,239 transitional-aged, with 710 victims as both transitional-aged and unhoused. Most transitional-aged, unhoused victims were White and male. Compared to housed counterparts, unhoused transitional-aged youth had higher proportions of substance use (P < 0.001), mental health disorders (P < 0.001), and prostitution involvement (P < 0.001). Unhoused transitional-aged youth had no difference in substance use (P = 0.532), mental health disorders (P = 0.833), or prostitution (P = 0.340) compared to their older similarly unhoused counterparts, yet death among transitional-aged youth was more likely to be gang-related (P = 0.002).
CONCLUSIONS: This study found that experiencing homelessness has important associations between violent death and higher rates of substance use, mental health disorders, and prostitution in the transitional-aged, unhoused population. This highlights a potentially critical intervention point for this vulnerable population.