Psychiatric rehabilitation journal · 2025
Standardizing measurement of employment outcomes in vocational research.
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Bond Gary R, Stevenson Brian J, Tsai Jack, Ottomanelli Lisa, Nelson Richard E, Yoon Jean, LePage James P
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: Vocational research requires standardized measures of employment outcomes. Yet studies vary widely in how they define measures used to assess employment outcomes. This article makes recommendations for a core outcome package of objective measures of competitive employment suitable for vocational research.
METHODS: We identified seven criteria for assessing the utility of an employment measure: widely used, reliable, simple to collect, easily understood, demonstrates criterion validity, sensitive to change, and relevant to multiple groups with vested interests. We then conducted a selective review of employment measures found in published studies, using these criteria to evaluate a range of objective employment measures within a conceptual framework consisting of six domains: job acquisition, amount of time employed, employment earnings, time commitment to employment, consistency of employment, and job stability. Results: Based on our review, we recommend three primary outcomes (competitive employment rate, total time worked, and total employment earnings) and eight descriptive outcomes for inclusion in a core outcome package. To ensure standardization, we provide explicit definitions for each measure.
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Adoption of a core outcome package will (a) provide guidance to researchers planning new studies, (b) provide a common set of measures permitting direct comparisons between studies, and (c) facilitate meta-analytic reviews by using common metrics. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).
METHODS: We identified seven criteria for assessing the utility of an employment measure: widely used, reliable, simple to collect, easily understood, demonstrates criterion validity, sensitive to change, and relevant to multiple groups with vested interests. We then conducted a selective review of employment measures found in published studies, using these criteria to evaluate a range of objective employment measures within a conceptual framework consisting of six domains: job acquisition, amount of time employed, employment earnings, time commitment to employment, consistency of employment, and job stability. Results: Based on our review, we recommend three primary outcomes (competitive employment rate, total time worked, and total employment earnings) and eight descriptive outcomes for inclusion in a core outcome package. To ensure standardization, we provide explicit definitions for each measure.
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Adoption of a core outcome package will (a) provide guidance to researchers planning new studies, (b) provide a common set of measures permitting direct comparisons between studies, and (c) facilitate meta-analytic reviews by using common metrics. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).