Addiction research & theory · 2023
Relations between Affect, Self-Efficacy, and Alcohol Expectancies in Adults Experiencing Homelessness.
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Gajos Jamie M, Cropsey Karen L, Walters Scott T, Businelle Michael S
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Alcohol misuse is higher among adults experiencing homelessness (AEH) compared to housed adults. Greater expectancy that alcohol will improve mood, negative affect, and lower self-efficacy have been linked to alcohol misuse in AEH. However, little is known about the momentary relationships between affect, alcohol expectancies, and self-efficacy to avoid alcohol in AEH. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine these constructs in a sample of AEH. Methods: AEH (n = 72; M age = 47, 85% Male, 68% Non-White) completed smartphone-based ecological momentary assessments 5x/day for four weeks. Generalized multilevel modeling examined the association between concurrent momentary ratings of (1) expectancy that alcohol would improve mood and negative and positive affect and (2) self-efficacy to do something other than drink to improve mood and negative and positive affect.
RESULTS: Momentary reports of increased negative affect were associated with greater expectancy that alcohol would improve mood (b = 0.25, p < 0.01), whereas momentary reports of increased positive affect were associated with less expectancy that alcohol would improve mood (b = -0.11, p < 0.01). Increased momentary negative affect was associated with less self-efficacy to improve mood without alcohol (b = -0.09, p = 0.03), but momentary reports of increased positive affect were associated with greater self-efficacy to do something other than drink to improve mood (b = 0.18, p < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: It may be important to deliver real-time treatment messages suggesting alternatives to drinking and/or ways to boost self-efficacy during moments when negative affect is high.
RESULTS: Momentary reports of increased negative affect were associated with greater expectancy that alcohol would improve mood (b = 0.25, p < 0.01), whereas momentary reports of increased positive affect were associated with less expectancy that alcohol would improve mood (b = -0.11, p < 0.01). Increased momentary negative affect was associated with less self-efficacy to improve mood without alcohol (b = -0.09, p = 0.03), but momentary reports of increased positive affect were associated with greater self-efficacy to do something other than drink to improve mood (b = 0.18, p < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: It may be important to deliver real-time treatment messages suggesting alternatives to drinking and/or ways to boost self-efficacy during moments when negative affect is high.