The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2025
Assessing the Relative Importance of Sociocontextual Determinants of Depression: A Random Forest Analysis of Young Korean Adults.
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Jin Yangsoo
Аннотация
PURPOSE: This study examines the relative importance of various sociocontextual determinants of depression among young adults, including social, economic, residential, and demographic factors. Although previous research has identified a variety of contributors to depressive symptoms, their relative significance remains insufficiently explored.
METHODS: Using data from the 2022 Youth Life Survey in South Korea (N = 13,038), this study uses Random Forest regression to assess the predictive power and impact magnitude of 30 sociocontextual factors. It uses the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score as the dependent variable to measure depression. The 30 explanatory variables were selected drawing on prior research, and the unique characteristics of young Korean adults, guided by the social determinants of health framework and relevant theoretical perspectives.
RESULTS: The findings reveal that compared to the economic or residential factors, social factors, particularly access to social support, personal autonomy, and social trust, are the more important determinants of depression among young adults in terms of both predictive power and impact magnitude. Despite contributing to depressive symptoms, the predictive power and impact magnitude of poor economic and residential circumstances are relatively weaker. Some economic and residential factors, such as extreme poverty and substandard housing, demonstrated substantially strong predictive power, but their impact magnitude was modest or limited.
DISCUSSION: These results highlight the dominant role of social determinants in explaining depression among the youth. Although economic and residential conditions are important, strengthening social support networks and enhancing societal assurance of personal autonomy may be more effective in addressing depression.
METHODS: Using data from the 2022 Youth Life Survey in South Korea (N = 13,038), this study uses Random Forest regression to assess the predictive power and impact magnitude of 30 sociocontextual factors. It uses the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score as the dependent variable to measure depression. The 30 explanatory variables were selected drawing on prior research, and the unique characteristics of young Korean adults, guided by the social determinants of health framework and relevant theoretical perspectives.
RESULTS: The findings reveal that compared to the economic or residential factors, social factors, particularly access to social support, personal autonomy, and social trust, are the more important determinants of depression among young adults in terms of both predictive power and impact magnitude. Despite contributing to depressive symptoms, the predictive power and impact magnitude of poor economic and residential circumstances are relatively weaker. Some economic and residential factors, such as extreme poverty and substandard housing, demonstrated substantially strong predictive power, but their impact magnitude was modest or limited.
DISCUSSION: These results highlight the dominant role of social determinants in explaining depression among the youth. Although economic and residential conditions are important, strengthening social support networks and enhancing societal assurance of personal autonomy may be more effective in addressing depression.