Global disparities in hearing care services and infrastructure: findings from a 47-country international provider survey.

OBJECTIVE

Access to audiological services and support for individuals with hearing loss varies widely across low- and middle- income countries (LMICs) and high-income countries (HICs). This study examines disparities in the availability of audiological services across World Bank income groups.

DESIGN

An international cross-sectional survey was developed and distributed by the Global Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Initiative. The survey evaluated the availability of audiology and support services across countries. Multiple responses from one country were combined into one entry. Statistical significance between groups was assessed using chi-squared tests.Study Sample: A total of 135 responses were received from 47 countries (30 LMICs and 17 HICs).

RESULTS

Significant disparities were identified across most service categories. HICs reported greater availability of newborn hearing screening, diagnostic tests, paediatric and adult hearing assessments, vestibular services, and hearing technologies compared to LMICs. Advanced diagnostic tools and hearing devices such as cochlear implants were significantly more accessible in HICs.

CONCLUSIONS

Substantial differences were observed in audiological and rehabilitative services across HICs and LMICs. Efforts to bridge significant gaps are essential for achieving equitable hearing health care worldwide.