Epilepsy & behavior : E&B · 2026
Attitudes toward people with epilepsy among Arabic and Vietnamese residents of Berlin - A cross-cultural comparison.
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Steinbrenner Mirja, Abdelrhman Mohammed, May Theodor W, Graf Luise, Do Hien Giang, Nguyen Le Trang, Hahn Eric, Ta Thi Minh Tam, Holtkamp Martin
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Attitudes toward people with epilepsy (PWE) have improved over recent decades, especially in high-income countries including Germany. However, this trend is less pronounced in low-income countries. This study aims to assess and compare attitudes toward PWE in two large ethnocultural minority groups in Berlin: Arabic and Vietnamese residents.
METHODS: Residents of Berlin aged 18 years or older, born and raised in selected Arabic countries or Vietnam were invited to participate in a survey. We used a preliminary version of the standardized "Scales of Attitudes toward People with Epilepsy" (SAPE) questionnaire with scales on Social Distance, Stereotypes, Personal Concerns, and Emotional Reactions to PWE differentiated by Fear, Anger, and Pity/Compassion. In addition, the Caveness Questions (CQ) about personal experience with epilepsy and knowledge about epilepsy were assessed. Limiting comparability with previous literature and overall validity of findings was the use of a preliminary version of SAPE and the lack of formal validation of Vietnamese and Arabic translations of SAPE.
RESULTS: A total of 297 participants were interviewed; 15 of those had never heard of epilepsy and were excluded from the analysis. Eventually, questionnaires of 133 Arabic and 149 Vietnamese interviewees (female sex, 43 vs. 68%; mean age, 34.8 ± 9.7 vs. 34.0 ± 12.4 years; duration of stay in Germany, 6.0 ± 5.1 vs. 7.9 ± 9.4 years) were considered. Multivariable Generalized Linear Model (GLM) analyses showed that Arabic compared to Vietnamese participants had higher objections to having one's own children play with PWE, but less likely deemed epilepsy as a mental disease; furthermore, they had lower objections to employment of PWE. In the SAPE scales, Arabic interviewees scored significantly lower for the 'Social Distance' and the 'Emotional Reactions: Fear' scale. A strong predictor for more positive attitudes across almost all SAPE subscales in both groups was higher education.
CONCLUSION: Arabic and Vietnamese residents of Berlin differed in some specific facets of the attitude toward PWE. Attitudes were generally more positive than in surveys done in several Arabic countries and Vietnam. Higher levels of education predicted more positive attitudes in both groups calling for specific knowledge transfer to the general population on epilepsy and persons affected.
METHODS: Residents of Berlin aged 18 years or older, born and raised in selected Arabic countries or Vietnam were invited to participate in a survey. We used a preliminary version of the standardized "Scales of Attitudes toward People with Epilepsy" (SAPE) questionnaire with scales on Social Distance, Stereotypes, Personal Concerns, and Emotional Reactions to PWE differentiated by Fear, Anger, and Pity/Compassion. In addition, the Caveness Questions (CQ) about personal experience with epilepsy and knowledge about epilepsy were assessed. Limiting comparability with previous literature and overall validity of findings was the use of a preliminary version of SAPE and the lack of formal validation of Vietnamese and Arabic translations of SAPE.
RESULTS: A total of 297 participants were interviewed; 15 of those had never heard of epilepsy and were excluded from the analysis. Eventually, questionnaires of 133 Arabic and 149 Vietnamese interviewees (female sex, 43 vs. 68%; mean age, 34.8 ± 9.7 vs. 34.0 ± 12.4 years; duration of stay in Germany, 6.0 ± 5.1 vs. 7.9 ± 9.4 years) were considered. Multivariable Generalized Linear Model (GLM) analyses showed that Arabic compared to Vietnamese participants had higher objections to having one's own children play with PWE, but less likely deemed epilepsy as a mental disease; furthermore, they had lower objections to employment of PWE. In the SAPE scales, Arabic interviewees scored significantly lower for the 'Social Distance' and the 'Emotional Reactions: Fear' scale. A strong predictor for more positive attitudes across almost all SAPE subscales in both groups was higher education.
CONCLUSION: Arabic and Vietnamese residents of Berlin differed in some specific facets of the attitude toward PWE. Attitudes were generally more positive than in surveys done in several Arabic countries and Vietnam. Higher levels of education predicted more positive attitudes in both groups calling for specific knowledge transfer to the general population on epilepsy and persons affected.