Preventive medicine reports · 2025
Cigarette purchasing behaviors and financial burden of cigarette spending after a major tobacco tax increase in California: A descriptive analysis of household panel data.
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Gu Dian, Sung Hai-Yen, Yao Tingting, Wang Yingning, Keeler Courtney, Max Wendy
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: To examine the longitudinal patterns in cigarette purchasing behaviors and financial burden of cigarette spending among California households following the implementation of Proposition 56, which increased cigarette excise taxes by $2-per-pack in April 2017.
METHODS: Using longitudinal NielsenIQ Consumer Panel data, we identified a cohort of 2324 California households that participated continuously from 2016 through 2022. We compared outcomes - cigarette purchasing behaviors and financial burden of cigarette spending - from the 2016 baseline to each follow-up year and the 5-year average during 2018-2022 (post-implementation), both overall and by income group.
RESULTS: In 2016, 10.6 % of California households purchased cigarettes; this percentage declined steadily to 4.2 % in 2022 (p < 0.01). The reduction over five years was significantly smaller among low-income households compared to middle-income (2.1 % vs. 5.1 %, p < 0.01) and high-income groups (2.1 % vs. 3.8 %, p < 0.01). Among low-income households that continued purchasing cigarettes, annual cigarette spending increased from $651 at baseline to $1053 in 2021 (p = 0.04) and $1343 in 2022 (p < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS: The percentage of California households purchasing cigarettes declined across all income groups over five years after Proposition 56, with the smallest declines among low-income households. In this group, annual cigarette spending increased significantly in the fourth and fifth post-implementation years.
METHODS: Using longitudinal NielsenIQ Consumer Panel data, we identified a cohort of 2324 California households that participated continuously from 2016 through 2022. We compared outcomes - cigarette purchasing behaviors and financial burden of cigarette spending - from the 2016 baseline to each follow-up year and the 5-year average during 2018-2022 (post-implementation), both overall and by income group.
RESULTS: In 2016, 10.6 % of California households purchased cigarettes; this percentage declined steadily to 4.2 % in 2022 (p < 0.01). The reduction over five years was significantly smaller among low-income households compared to middle-income (2.1 % vs. 5.1 %, p < 0.01) and high-income groups (2.1 % vs. 3.8 %, p < 0.01). Among low-income households that continued purchasing cigarettes, annual cigarette spending increased from $651 at baseline to $1053 in 2021 (p = 0.04) and $1343 in 2022 (p < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS: The percentage of California households purchasing cigarettes declined across all income groups over five years after Proposition 56, with the smallest declines among low-income households. In this group, annual cigarette spending increased significantly in the fourth and fifth post-implementation years.