Journal of nutrition education and behavior · 2025
Association of Milk Fat Intake on BMI Change and Nutrient Intake in WIC-Enrolled Toddlers.
СтатьяНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
Обработка статьи · этапы, ошибки и управление
Загрузка состояния…
Ошибки и ограничения
История · было → стало
Состояние обновляется каждые 5 секунд, пока блок открыт. Процент показывается только там, где известен объём работы. Пауза останавливает продолжение этапа; текущий запрос к источнику может завершиться.
Grau Rachel C, Ritchie Lorrene D, Patel Anisha, Thompson Hannah R
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: Investigate the relationship between milk fat consumption from 24 to 36 months and (1) body mass index (BMI) z-score change from 24 to 36 months, and (2) nutrient intake at 36 months among toddlers who were Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)-eligible at study initiation.
DESIGN: Longitudinal analysis using WIC Infant Toddler Feeding Practices Study-2 data collected from 2013 to 2020.
SETTING: Eighty WIC enrollment sites across 27 US states.
PARTICIPANTS: Included 2,373 toddlers (27.6% Black, 57.1% White, 15.4% other race; 39.1% Hispanic ethnicity) from households with low income.
INTERVENTIONS: None.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in BMI z-score from 24 to 36 months and dietary intake (added sugars, saturated fat, total energy) at 36 months.
ANALYSIS: Linear regression models analyzing relationships between average milk fat consumption from 24 to 36 months and outcome measures.
RESULTS: Meeting milk fat consumption recommendations between 24 and 36 months (≤ 1%) associated with lower intake of saturated fat (all models) and energy intake (fully adjusted model), but not a change in BMI z-score or added sugars intake.
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Further research is needed to understand associations between milk fat consumption, BMI, and dietary patterns in toddlers from households with low income to inform dietary recommendations and nutritional assistance guidelines.
DESIGN: Longitudinal analysis using WIC Infant Toddler Feeding Practices Study-2 data collected from 2013 to 2020.
SETTING: Eighty WIC enrollment sites across 27 US states.
PARTICIPANTS: Included 2,373 toddlers (27.6% Black, 57.1% White, 15.4% other race; 39.1% Hispanic ethnicity) from households with low income.
INTERVENTIONS: None.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in BMI z-score from 24 to 36 months and dietary intake (added sugars, saturated fat, total energy) at 36 months.
ANALYSIS: Linear regression models analyzing relationships between average milk fat consumption from 24 to 36 months and outcome measures.
RESULTS: Meeting milk fat consumption recommendations between 24 and 36 months (≤ 1%) associated with lower intake of saturated fat (all models) and energy intake (fully adjusted model), but not a change in BMI z-score or added sugars intake.
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Further research is needed to understand associations between milk fat consumption, BMI, and dietary patterns in toddlers from households with low income to inform dietary recommendations and nutritional assistance guidelines.