Journal of affective disorders · 2025
Age, sex and race/ethnicity disparities in the prevalence of major depressive symptoms: A population-based study of US adults.
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Fan Qinghua, Guo Yi, Liu Zhongjian, Wang Gang, Wang Haibo
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: This study examined temporal trends in major depressive symptoms (MDS) prevalence among US adults and identified associated risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic.
METHODS: Using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2011 to 2023, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis across three periods: non-pandemic, pre-pandemic, and trans-pandemic. Complex survey weights and multivariable logistic regression models were applied to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for MDS risk factors.
RESULTS: Among 23,558 participants (weighted population = 185,795,118), MDS prevalence increased significantly during the trans-pandemic period, representing a 1.67-fold increase (adjusted OR 1.67, 95 % CI 1.39-2.01, P < 0.001). Young adults aged 20-39 years experienced the most pronounced increase, with males showing a 2.79-fold increase (OR 2.79, 95 % CI 1.85-4.21) and females a 2.19-fold increase (OR 2.19, 95 % CI 1.56-3.08). Asian participants consistently showed the lowest MDS prevalence (3.1 %-5.4 %). Significant trans-pandemic risk factors included female sex (OR 1.41, 95 % CI 1.07-1.87), low income (PIR < 1.30: OR 1.91, 95 % CI 1.11-3.29), non-employment (OR 1.51, 95 % CI 1.00-2.28), and never married status (OR 1.98, 95 % CI 1.31-2.98). Protective factors included never smoking (OR 0.67, 95 % CI 0.46-0.99), regular sunshine exposure (OR 0.61, 95 % CI 0.44-0.86), and adequate sleep duration (7-8 h: OR 0.60, 95 % CI 0.44-0.82; ≥8 h: OR 0.63, 95 % CI 0.45-0.90).
CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 significantly impacted MDS prevalence, with young adults particularly vulnerable. Findings highlight the need for targeted mental health interventions and lifestyle modifications.
METHODS: Using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2011 to 2023, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis across three periods: non-pandemic, pre-pandemic, and trans-pandemic. Complex survey weights and multivariable logistic regression models were applied to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for MDS risk factors.
RESULTS: Among 23,558 participants (weighted population = 185,795,118), MDS prevalence increased significantly during the trans-pandemic period, representing a 1.67-fold increase (adjusted OR 1.67, 95 % CI 1.39-2.01, P < 0.001). Young adults aged 20-39 years experienced the most pronounced increase, with males showing a 2.79-fold increase (OR 2.79, 95 % CI 1.85-4.21) and females a 2.19-fold increase (OR 2.19, 95 % CI 1.56-3.08). Asian participants consistently showed the lowest MDS prevalence (3.1 %-5.4 %). Significant trans-pandemic risk factors included female sex (OR 1.41, 95 % CI 1.07-1.87), low income (PIR < 1.30: OR 1.91, 95 % CI 1.11-3.29), non-employment (OR 1.51, 95 % CI 1.00-2.28), and never married status (OR 1.98, 95 % CI 1.31-2.98). Protective factors included never smoking (OR 0.67, 95 % CI 0.46-0.99), regular sunshine exposure (OR 0.61, 95 % CI 0.44-0.86), and adequate sleep duration (7-8 h: OR 0.60, 95 % CI 0.44-0.82; ≥8 h: OR 0.63, 95 % CI 0.45-0.90).
CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 significantly impacted MDS prevalence, with young adults particularly vulnerable. Findings highlight the need for targeted mental health interventions and lifestyle modifications.