Antimicrobial resistance awareness and food safety concerns among rural households in Zimbabwe.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and unsafe food management are important yet overlooked problems in rural sub-Saharan Africa. This study was aimed at assessing the level of awareness and knowledge regarding antibiotic use and withdrawal periods and understanding the factors that influence AMR awareness in rural Zimbabwe. Data was gathered from 17,895 households in all 60 rural districts in Zimbabwe through a household survey. Descriptive statistics and adjusted Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression models were used to identify predictors of AMR awareness and safe food handling behaviours. Findings revealed limited (18.3 %) awareness of AMR, with notable disparities across education levels and religious affiliations. Higher educational attainment and wealth status were positively associated with both AMR awareness and food safety knowledge. On the other hand, households affiliated with conservative religious groups or those with larger family sizes demonstrated significantly lower adherence to recommended practices. The study underscores the intersection of behavioural, social, and structural determinants in shaping food safety and AMR-related behaviours. The findings provide vital empirical evidence to inform national strategies under the One Health framework and support efforts to reduce foodborne illness and antimicrobial misuse in low-income rural settings.