The effect of T cell-related vaccines on inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND

The interaction between T cell-related vaccines and the dysregulated immune environment in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients remains unclear.

AIM: To systematically evaluate the immune response of IBD patients following vaccination with T-cell-related vaccines and analyze the impact of immunosuppressive therapy on vaccine response.

METHODS

Multiple databases and preprint platforms were searched, and study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Data amenable to synthesis were analyzed via Meta-analysis, while non-combinable data were presented as a narrative review.

RESULTS

IBD patients showed no significant difference in spike-specific CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T cell frequencies compared to healthy controls.RBD-IgG titers and sVNT inhibition rates were significantly reduced in IBD patients. Both anti-TNF agents and JAK inhibitors profoundly weakened humoral immunity, whereas gut-selective drugs have minimal impact on antibody responses. Notably, long-term immunosuppression is correlated with broad T-cell functional impairment, though prior infection partially compensated for primary response defects.

CONCLUSION

Overall, T-cell responses remain relatively stable after T-cell-related vaccination in IBD patients, while humoral immunity is significantly impaired. Clinicians should monitor humoral immune indices in patients on immunosuppressive therapy.