Telehealth Perceived Benefits and Self-Efficacy Do Not Mediate the Effects of Demographic, Health, and Social Determinants on Telehealth Use of Low-Income African American and Latino Residents of Public Housing in Los Angeles.

BACKGROUND

Marginalized low-income racial and ethnic minority residents of public housing represent an intersectional population with multiple health needs and low healthcare utilization. Telehealth has been proposed as a solution to address healthcare access disparities, yet the role of telehealth attitudes, including perceived benefits and self-efficacy, in influencing telehealth use of this population remains unknown.

OBJECTIVE

This study investigates whether two domains of telehealth attitudes, namely self-efficacy and perceived benefits (expectancy), mediate the relationship between demographic, health, and social determinants of telehealth use among low-income racial and ethnic minority residents of public housing in Los Angeles.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study analyzed data collected from low-income racial and ethnic minority residents of public housing in Los Angeles. Measures included demographic factors (age and gender), social determinants of health (e.g., education, language, and primacy care provider), health (chronic illnesses and physical mobility), telehealth attitudes (perceived benefits and self-efficacy), and telehealth use frequency. Mediation analysis was conducted to test whether telehealth attitudes explained the association between demographic, social, and health determinants of telehealth use.

RESULTS

The findings revealed that neither of the two domains of telehealth attitudes, including perceived benefits and self-efficacy, were significantly associated with telehealth use. As such, these attitude domains did not operate as mediators of the relationship between demographic, health, and social determinants of telehealth use.

CONCLUSION

The study results suggest that structural barriers, rather than individual attitudes, primarily drive telehealth use disparities among this intersectional population. Interventions aimed at increasing telehealth adoption should prioritize addressing systemic inequities rather than focusing solely on changing individual attitudes. These findings underscore the importance of structural solutions to promote equitable telehealth access in marginalized communities.