Identifying factors contributing to depression and anxiety among medical students: a multicenter cross-sectional study.

Graduates from medical schools are expected to be ready for demanding professional roles. Previous studies have indicated that medical students frequently experience anxiety and depression, which affect their academic and personal lives. This study aims to identify factors associated with anxiety and depression among medical students at universities in Ethiopia. This cross-sectional study was conducted at three Ethiopian medical colleges-Gondar University in northern Ethiopia, Jimma University in southern Ethiopia, and Hawasa University in southern Ethiopia-from November 1, 2023, to March 30, 2024. A total of 450 medical students participated in the survey, which utilized the Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Satisfaction with Life Scale. Various demographic, academic, and social factors were analyzed via descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression. The prevalence of depression was 52%, while the prevalence of anxiety was 59.1%. Compared to males, females had higher rates of depression (63.93%) and anxiety (65.02%). Additionally, nonlocal students exhibited greater anxiety levels (68.28%). Living alone, poor peer relationships, and poor academic performance were significantly associated with increased anxiety and depression. Logistic regression revealed significant associations between sex, living arrangements, peer relationships, year of study, academic performance, and life satisfaction and anxiety and depression symptoms. Anxiety and depression are prevalent among medical students and are influenced by various demographic, academic, and social factors. Addressing these issues through targeted interventions, enhanced support services, and curriculum adjustments is crucial for improving the mental health and academic success of medical students.