Preparation of iron-based MIL-101 functionalized polydopamine@Fe3 O4 magnetic composites for extracting sulfonylurea herbicides from environmental water and vegetable samples.

Here, we describe a simple one-pot solvothermal method for synthesizing MIL-101(Fe)@polydopamine@Fe3 O4 composites from polydopamine-modified Fe3 O4 particles. The composite was used as a magnetic adsorbent to rapidly extract sulfonylurea herbicides. The herbicides were then analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The best possible extraction efficiencies were achieved by optimizing the most important extraction parameters, including desorption conditions, extraction time, adsorbent dose, salt concentration, and the pH of the solution. Good linearity was found (correlation coefficients >0.9991) over the herbicide concentration range 1-150 μg/L using the optimal conditions. The limits of detection (the concentrations giving signal/noise ratios of 3) were low, at 0.12-0.34 μg/L, and repeatability was good (the relative standard deviations were <4.8%, n = 6). The method was used successfully to determine four sulfonylurea herbicides in environmental water and vegetable samples, giving satisfactory recoveries of 87.1-108.9%. The extraction efficiency achieved using MIL-101(Fe)@polydopamine@Fe3 O4 was compared with the extraction efficiencies achieved using other magnetic composites (polydopamine@Fe3 O4 , Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST)-1@polydopamine@Fe3 O4 , and MIL-100(Fe)@polydopamine@Fe3 O4 ). The results showed that the magnetic MIL-101(Fe)@polydopamine@Fe3 O4 composites have great potential for the extraction of trace sulfonylurea herbicides from various sample types.