Susceptibility or resilience to childhood peer abuse can be explained by cortical thickness in brain regions involved in emotional regulation.

Experiencing peer abuse in childhood can damage mental health, but some people exhibit resilience against these negative outcomes. However, it remains uncertain which specific changes in brain structures are associated with this type of resilience. We categorized 217 participants into three groups: resilience group, susceptibility group, and healthy control group, based on their experiences of peer abuse and mental health problems. They underwent MRI scans to measure cortical thickness in various brain regions of the prefrontal cortex. We employed covariance analysis to compare cortical thickness among these groups. Individuals who resilient to anxiety exhibited smaller cortical thickness in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and with larger thickness in the right medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC), while those resilient to stress was associated with smaller thickness in both the bilateral IFG and bilateral middle frontal gyrus (MFG). These findings deepen our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying resilience and offer insight into improving individual resilience.