Synergistically Enhanced Composite Hemostatic Material Derived from Crinis Carbonisatus and Sepiolite.

To develop a high-efficiency and low-cost natural composite hemostatic material, this study has fabricated a series of Crinis Carbonisatus-Sepiolite (Cri-Sep) composites via solid-state reaction, leveraging the excellent hemostatic activity of Cri and the high adsorption capacity of Sep. The synergistic hemostatic mechanism and performance of these composites have been systematically investigated through experimental analysis. The fibrous microstructure of Sep, combined with the porous carbonized structure of Cri, plays a multifaceted role. It maintains Sep's high specific surface area while integrating the bioactive sites characteristic of Cri, which are essential for initiating coagulation activation. Blood viscoelasticity tests show that the storage modulus of the composites increases rapidly to 350 Pa within 50 s, which is significantly higher than that of single-component materials. The coagulation time of Cri-Sep has been shortened by 36% compared with the blank group and by 12% compared with the single Sep group. Further detection of coagulation function parameters confirms that the composites can synergistically activate both the extrinsic and intrinsic coagulation pathways. This study reveals the synergistic hemostatic mechanism of Cri-Sep, providing a novel strategy for the design and clinical translation of natural mineral-carbon composite hemostatic materials.