Acute and Long-Term Immune-Treatment Strategies in Anti-LGI1 Antibody-Mediated Encephalitis: A Multicenter Cohort Study.
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Seery Nabil, Wesselingh Robb, Beech Paul, McLaughlin Laurie M, Rushen Tiffany, Halliday Amy J, Horst Liora Ter, Griffith Sarah P, Forcadela Mirasol, Tan Tracie H, Kazzi Christina, Nesbitt Cassie, Broadley James, Buzzard Katherine, Duncan Andrew J, D'Souza Wendyl Jude, Tran Yang David, Van Der Walt Anneke, Skinner Genevieve, Taylor Bruce V, Swayne Andrew, Brodtmann Amy, Gillis David, Butler Ernest Gerard, Kalincik Tomas, Seneviratne Udaya K, Macdonell Richard A, Blum Stefan, Ramanathan Sudarshini, Malpas Charles B, Reddel Stephen William, Hardy Todd A, O'Brien Terence J, Sanfilippo Paul G, Butzkueven Helmut, Monif Mastura, Australian Autoimmune Encephalitis Consortium
Аннотация
METHODS: We undertook a multicenter cohort study of 55 patients with anti-LGI1 Ab-mediated encephalitis, either recruited prospectively or identified retrospectively from 10 Australian hospitals as part of the Australian Autoimmune Encephalitis Consortium. Clinical data were collected, including treatment durations of all relevant immunotherapies. Clinical outcomes that we examined included (1) time to first clinical relapse, (2) improvement on modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and (3) favorable binary composite clinical-functional outcome at 12 months. A favorable outcome was defined as fulfilling all three of mRS less than 3, a score of 1 or less in the memory dysfunction component of the Clinical Assessment Scale in Autoimmune Encephalitis, and absence of drug-resistant epilepsy.
RESULTS: Rituximab, adjusted for concomitant use of other immunotherapies, was associated with increased time to first relapse (hazard ratio 0.10; 95% CI 0.001-0.85; p = 0.03). Intravenous pulsed methylprednisolone was associated with an improvement in mRS (OR 4.48; 95% CI 1.03-21.3; p = 0.048) and a favorable composite clinical-functional outcome (OR 4.96; 95% CI 1.07-27.2; p = 0.049) at 12 months.
DISCUSSION: Rituximab may be effective at preventing relapses in patients with anti-LGI1 Ab-mediated encephalitis. Acute methylprednisolone treatment may be associated with favorable outcomes at 12 months.
CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class IV evidence that for patients with anti-LGI1 Ab-mediated encephalitis, rituximab prevents relapses and acute methylprednisolone is associated with favorable outcomes at 12 months.