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Addiction in prison settings represents a significant public health challenge, due to the high prevalence of substance use disorders, psychiatric comorbidities, and infectious disease risks. In Switzerland, despite a favorable legal framework, access to healthcare and harm reduction measures remains uneven. Release from prison is a high-risk period for relapse, reoffending, and mortality. Innovative models, such as transition clinics or Centers for care, support and prevention in addictology, offer concrete avenues to improve continuity of care and the effectiveness of interventions. This article provides an overview of the Swiss context, the identified barriers, and potential levers for improving care toward a more equitable, continuous, and coordinated approach.