Linkages between incarceration and health for older adults.

The aging population in United States (US) correctional facilities has grown dramatically over the last several decades. At present, roughly one in four adults incarcerated in US prisons are at least 50 years of age. Research over the last ten years has likewise expanded to catalog the impacts of incarceration on older adults, and the myriad ways incarceration is unique for this population. In this paper, we summarize the state of the literature at the intersection of incarceration, health, and aging. We begin by outlining the impacts of incarceration on a range of individual health outcomes for older adults. Next, we offer targeted policy implications to address the health consequences of incarceration for older adults. Finally, we conclude by offering a research agenda that emphasizes theory building, jail-based approaches, and expansion of what is known about older women, cognitive impairment, correctional staff perspectives, and interventions to enhance the health of older persons who are incarcerated.